The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 22

Balanced Very Carefully, As If the Whole Thing Might Topple When the Heater Vents Begin to Blow Later This Fall From the basement, I hear my dad say, â€Å"It goes right here, on this table.† Three sets of footsteps are moving across the family-room floor, and soon I hear something heavy being set down. After fifteen minutes or so, the sounds of college football explode through the floor above – big bands playing, drums galore, fight songs being sung – and I realize my father has replaced the family-room television. I hear the deliverymen's footsteps exit, and then Dad increases the volume so I can hear every play call the commentators make, even though I am in the basement and the basement door is shut. I don't follow college football, so I don't really know the players or the teams being discussed. I do some curls and simply listen, secretly hoping Dad will come down into the basement, tell me about the new television, and ask me to watch the game with him. But he doesn't. Suddenly, maybe a half hour after the deliverymen leave, the volume is turned down, and I hear Mom ask, â€Å"What the hell is this?† â€Å"It's a high-definition television with surround sound,† my father replies. â€Å"No, that is a movie screen, and – â€Å" â€Å"Jeanie – â€Å" â€Å"Don't you ‘Jeanie' me.† â€Å"I work hard for our money, and I won't have you telling me how to spend it!† â€Å"Patrick, it's ridiculous. It doesn't even fit on the end table. How much did you pay for that?† â€Å"Never mind.† â€Å"You smashed the old television just so you could buy a bigger one, didn't you?† â€Å"Jesus Christ, Jeanie. Will you please stop bitching at me for once?† â€Å"We're on a budget. We agreed – â€Å" â€Å"Oh. Okay. We're on a budget.† â€Å"We agreed that – â€Å" â€Å"We have money to feed Pat. We have money to buy Pat a new wardrobe. We have money to buy Pat a home gym. We have money for Pat's medications. Well then, the way I see it, we have money for a new fucking television set too.† I hear my mother's footsteps exit the family room. Just before my father turns up the game again, I hear her stomp up the steps to her bedroom, where I know she will cry because my father has cursed at her again. And it's my fault their money is stretched. I feel awful. I do sit-ups on the Stomach Master 6000 until it is time to run with Tiffany. When I finally go upstairs, I see that Dad's television set is one of those new flat-screen models they advertised when we watched the Eagles play Houston, and it is literally almost the size of our dining-room table. It's huge; only the center third rests on the end table, making it look as if it is balanced very carefully, as if the whole thing might topple when the heater vents begin to blow later this fall. Even still, while I do feel bad about Mom, I have to admit that the picture quality is excellent and the speakers set up on stands behind the couch fill the house with sound, making it seem as though the college football game is being played in our family room – and I start to look forward to watching the Eagles on the new set, thinking the players will almost appear life-size. I stand behind the couch for a second, admiring my father's new television, hoping he will acknowledge my presence. I even say, â€Å"Dad, did you get a new television?† But he doesn't answer me. He is mad at my mom for questioning his purchase, so now he will sulk. He will not talk to anyone for the rest of the day, I know from experience, so I leave the house and find Tiffany jogging up and down the street. Tiffany and I run together, but we do not talk. When I return home, Tiffany keeps jogging without even saying goodbye, and as I jog up the driveway to the back door, Mother's car is gone.

Compare the techniques that Heckerling and Austen use to alert us to how we should view Cher and Emma

Using the opening scenes of Clueless and the opening chapters of Emma, compare the techniques that Heckerling and Austen use to alert us to how we should view Cher and Emma. Both texts use various techniques to present the two heroines, Emma and Cher. Emma is presented to the responder as an omniscient text, presenting the responder with all the character's opinions as well as Austin's opinion, particularly concerning the social hierarchy of the era. We are first presented with Austin's perspective in the opening chapter of the book, when Emma is described as â€Å"handsome, clever, and rich with a comfortable home and happy disposition†. As well as this submissive description the responder is also shown Emma's faults as â€Å"having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself†. As a result of the text being presented majoritivly through third person creating an objective status, the responder is shown that Emma has selfish tendencies despite all her good intentions. This is demonstrated to the responder as the wedding of a friend, with whom Emma shared â€Å"the intimacy of sisters†, is described in the text as â€Å"a gentle sorrow†. Despite the happiness of Emma's dearest friend, Miss. Taylor (now Mrs. Weston), Emma thinks only of herself and the unhappiness and emptiness that will be felt as a result of Miss Taylor's absence in the Woodhouse's home. The first paragraph sets the tone for the novel as the responder is forewarned of Emma having a crisis during the text, this is effectively projected by the inclusion of the word â€Å"seemed†. This shows the responder that Emma's ‘perfect' existence will be challenged throughout the novel, as her match making schemes fail with ominous (doomed) consequences. The description of Highbury shows the social status of Emma and her Father, â€Å"The Woodhouse's were first in consequence there. All looked up to them. † The description of Emma is juxtaposed by the description of Mr. Knightley, â€Å"a sensible man about seven or eight-and-thirty†¦ a very old and intimate friend of the family†. This shows the composer's intent to portray Emma as naive, young and self-orientated, as the two descriptions vary greatly as Mr. Knightley is portrayed as wise and â€Å"sensible†. The responder is further shown the father like figure of Mr. Knightley's character when Austen tells that â€Å"Mr. Knightley, in fact, was one of the few people who could see faults in Emma Woodhouse, and the only one who ever told her of them†. The presence of Mr. Knightley in the first chapter and the inclusion of his disagreement with Emma over her involvement in the match of Miss Taylor and Mr. Weston, depicts to the responder Emma's egocentric tendencies. The fact that Mr. Knightley, the wise and older character, implies that Emma merely â€Å"made a lucky guess†¦ likely to have done harm to yourself, than good to them, by interference†, influences the reader to view Emma as meddlesome and narcissistic (self-absorbed). Clueless is presented to the responder through a different medium, thus the composer, Amy Heckerling uses different techniques to portray the heroine, Cher. The main contrast between the opening chapters of Emma and the opening scenes of Clueless is the way in which the text is presented. Cher informs the responder as the main protagonist and narrator of the text. This allows the responder to empathise and affiliate a personal attachment with her, as they see only her perspective throughout the entire text.

Law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Law and ethics - Essay Example on, it is not wise for any director to take opportunities to serve their own interests on the account of the interests and gains of the company as this shows their incapability of fulfilling their duties of loyalty. Moreover, any director is liable to carrying out duties of care by obtaining information that enables him/her to make informed decisions. Directors should also make it their obligation to attend all committee and board meetings that are held during their tenure. This case discusses facts that relates to the failure of demonstrating fiduciary duties as director by Daniel by his move to persuade his colleagues to purchase a warehouse that was undervalued that worth more than $5000. Daniel also shows his incompetency by signing an insurance policy that was not capable of covering the risks of burglary and that which caused the company to loose $30000. It is clear that Daniel had a conflict of interest that benefitted Paul’s Ltd to pay lower prices and gain from the move by adding $3000 to his person al wealth. Daniel failed to carry out fiduciary duties of loyalty and care as an executive director, working as a chattered accountant of the Sofa & Bed Ltd. There is no doubt that he obtained all the necessary information before making his decision to buy the insurance policy, which caused the company to loose $30000. Daniel also fails to show his loyalty to the company when he allowed to be bribed by $3000 to offer lower price to Paul’s Ltd and accept the bribe as his person al gain. Corporate governance acts as a mechanism that protects the management; insiders from the outsiders; stakeholders, creditors, regulators and customers. Corporate governance; however, has shown major failure in the recent financial crisis, which portrayed a clear picture of real failure attributed to gatekeepers represented in audit and credit rating agencies when the CG failed to heed the alarm. Apparently, the gatekeeper too advantage of the deregulations proposed by SEC

California and Federal Leave Laws Research Paper

California and Federal Leave Laws - Research Paper Example From this study it is clear that  many states have identified the disadvantages of this present law and the unfavorable impact it is causing on both the employers and the employees. Because of this, twenty-eight states such as New York, California, New Jersey among many other have introduced paid leave bills. This enables workers to get payment from a given period when they are on leave.This paper declares that introduction of SB 1661 legislation in California State in February in 2002 enhanced the existing States Disability Insurance (SDI) system. The present SDI system is already providing partial paid family and medical leave. They also replace 55 to 60 percent of the wage of the employees when they take a leave to recover from serious illness such as pregnancy and disabilities that come because of giving birth. Further, use of SB 1661 extends this medical and family leave insurance system to enable employees replace 50-60 percent of their wages when they take a leave up to 12 w eeks to take care of the newborn or a family member who is seriously sick or after adopting a new baby. Section 233 of the California labor code enables employers to use up to the amount of sick leave that accumulate during the period of six month that they use while caring for family members who are sick. This research paper analyzes different types of leaves laws as well as the differences that exist between California and federal leave laws.

Wide Sargasso Sea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wide Sargasso Sea - Research Paper Example Her families, creoles, were in their own race because they could not identify with any of the races in Jamaica that were determined by financial muscles. They are forced to flee their home in Coulibri as a result of the attack by the freed slaves who were avenging on the family, this became apparent because Mr. Mason, stepfather, declined Annette’s pleas to move from that place, she is married to Rochester, an Englishman who had accepted to marry her because of his greedy to get her wealthy, her ordeal with Rochester nearly leads to her being mad and referred to as Marionetta and Bertha by Rochester (Drake 199). Rochester, the man who is married by Antoinette, is unnamed in the book but his identity comes clear when we take into consideration the hero in Jane Eyre (Harris 191). His coming to Jamaica is influenced by Mr. Mason and Antoinette’s half brother and the whole situation led to a hasty marriage between the two. He sees the whole wedding as a trick considering th e way it was hurriedly done and this is cemented by Daniel’s letter to him informing him of the Cosway family background that is tainted with instances of madness. He could not even thing of quitting the marriage union because he really needed Antoinette’s fortune to rescue himself from being ruined and dependency on the brother. The issue of deception leads him to unleashing cruelty on his wife and this contributes to her mental breakdown while in England. Antoinette seems to be happy and fully fulfilled because of the romantic environment created by Rochester who consummates with her simply to satisfy his sexual desire and not as a result of love. The landscape in Granbois where they had gone for their honeymoon is very beautiful and relaxing according to Antoinette. It created a considerable distance from the people who hated her. After a considerable number of days at Granbois, even Rochester begins to appreciate the place and even forgetting her marriage to Antoin ette as a misgiving because the weather was nice and he spent time in the bathing pool (Raiskin 256). Most of the time Antoinette could join him in the pool and they both watch the sun go down from the afternoon till evening. This happiness and enjoyment is brought about by a conducive and humble environment that is welcoming away from the hustle and bustle of life. Rochester notices two different sides of Antoinette that are very distant, and they depend on the time of the day; at night, she could wear a melancholy and somber mood considering how unhappy her past was. She sees Rochester as her own source of happiness away from the doomed past. During the day, she could converse and smile with him openly away from her fateful past. These instances shows that during the day she could view the nice sceneries of Granbois that are complemented by the presence of her husband and she becomes psychologically settled and happy, the opposite is experienced during the night she is forced to c ome into contact with the harsh reality of her dreadful past and this brings her sadness (Stein 130). Rochester’s inability to offer his wife Antoinette security and his general reaction to the nature of Caribbean exposes his feelings for the place which have a long lasting impact on the wife. The beauty and the natural sceneries in the place do not make any impression on him although he acknowledges that the place is really beautiful, he describes it as an untouched, wild, with an alien place that has a disturbing secret loveliness (Stein 131).Rochester does not want to accept the uniqueness in the landscapes of the Caribbean, he opts to despise them instead. He came to hate the rivers, the mountains, and the rain in that place

The Big Fix at Toyota Motor Sales Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Big Fix at Toyota Motor Sales - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that top-flight senior personnel was employed in every business unit as divisional information officers maximizing the production through their experience and skills in the field. However, it had some disadvantages that counteracted the advantages. First, it brought about confusion in the employees' sector as 50% of the staffs was given different jobs within a duration of six months. Further still, new responsibilities and completely different roles given to several mid and upper –level staffs, made some became uncomfortable thus affecting production. Lastly, the time used in mentoring and coaching was too much and could have been used in production. The problems that Coopers was trying to solve with the new IS structures were the problems in the IT system as the in-house IT could not deliver. The basic IT disciplines such as the business relationship management and financial management were absent. IS personnel was like order takers than business partne rs as no one was involved in the architecture of standards, system integration, or the business benefits. The success in the new IS structures is evident as the company has installed the Big Six technology whereby new Toyota extranet and the PeopleSoft ERP rollout, four new systems for order management, part forecasting, advanced warranty, and financial document management have been enhanced. In addition, they have hired top-flight personnel with skills and experience to steer the company forward in profit making. The IT staffs have been involved in rotational high potential, in the business units making them have the broader understanding of the company. This gives them training for leadership positions in different IT departments. To maximize production, they have increased training to the employees enabling them to get rid of their inefficiencies. Managers have the complete accountability and responsibility for the vertical areas, which they serve.

Rubber Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rubber - Research Paper Example â€Å"Rubber is also useful as an adhesive, a coating composition, a fiber, a moulding compound and an electrical insulator.† (Rubber)Apart from natural rubber, artificial rubber also invented later. The history and background of rubber can be an interesting topic because of the conspiracy about the origin of rubber. â€Å"Until recently, modern thinkers believed rubber originated in 19th century Europe. According to a Tech Talk article published by Massachusetts Institute of Technology on Wednesday, July 14, 1999, Professor Dorothy Hosler, Assistant Professor Sandra Burkett and an undergraduate named Michael Tarkanian learned that the Mayan people in ancient Mesoamerica made and used rubber as long ago as 1600 BCE.† (Snider) Though the extensive use of rubber just like at present was not known to the Mesoamericans. The first use for rubber was an eraser. It was Magellan, a descendent of the famous Portuguese navigator, who suggested this use (Brief History & Introduction of Rubber) Still rubber is used as an eraser and there are not much substitutes or competition for rubber in this area also. In fact the peculiar thing about rubber is that there is no substitute for many uses of rubber. For example, for tire making, tube making or for an eraser making we don’t have any other subs tances to replace rubber. In 1839, Charles Goodyear accidentally dropped rubber and sulfur on a hot stovetop, causing it to char like leather yet remain plastic and elastic. Vulcanization, a refined version of this process, transformed the white sap from the bark of the Hevea tree into an essential product for the industrial age (Butler) The modern methods of vulcanization of rubber has invented later. The vulcanization character of rubber is made use in the making of tires, tubes and many other material manufacturing. Vulcanization makes rubber material harder, much more durable and also more resistant to chemical attack. Vulcanization of rubber is done by mixing of

The Human Development Index (HDI) for China and India Essay

The Human Development Index (HDI) for China and India - Essay Example The four input dimension indices for calculating HDI are, therefore, the life expectancy index, mean years of schooling index, expected years of schooling index, and income index (HDRO 1). Minimum value for life expectancy is set at 20 years, 0 years for both of the education variables, and $100 for the income variable measured in per capita gross national income (GNI). General formula for calculating dimension index is: Dimension index = Actual value – Minimum value Maximum value – Minimum value The HDI is the geometric mean of the normalised indices measuring achievements in each dimension. It is calculated as HDI =  Where; Ilife – life expectancy index2 Ieducation - Education index Iincome – Income index Case study: China and India Table 1: Computed HDIs and input variables for China and India INDIA: HDI Indicators HDI Indicator Value Goalposts for HDI 2011 Dimension Indices Maximum value Minimum value Life anticipation (years) 65.4 65.9 20.0 0.716 0. 546 Schooling mean years (years)3 4.4 4.6 0 0.336 Expected years of schooling (years)4 10.3 9.8 0 0.572 Combined education index 0.978 0 0.448 GNI per capita (PPP $)5 3,468 3,435 100 0.508 CHINA: HDI Indicators Indicator Value Maximum value Minimum value Dimension Indices HDI Life anticipation (years) 73.5 83.4 20.0 0.844 0.687 Schooling Mean years (years) 7.5 13.1 0 0.573 Expected years of schooling (years) 11.6 18.0 0 0.644 Combined education index 0.978 0 0.621 GNI per capita (PPP $) 7,476 107,721 100 0.618 HDI computation process: (I) India Life Expectancy index = (65.4-20)/(83.4-20) = 0.716 Mean years of schooling index = (4.4-0)/ (13.1-0) = 0.336 Expected years of schooling index = (10.3-0)/ (18-0) = 0.572 Combined education index = (0.336*0.572) ^ (1/2)-0/ (0.978-0) = 0.448 Income index = (Ln (3,468) – Ln (100))/ (Ln (107,721) - Ln (100)) = 0.508 HDI = (0.716*0.448*0.508) ^ (1/3) = 0.546 (II) China Life Expectancy index = (73.5-20)/(83.4-20) = 0.844 Mean years of schoo ling index = (7.5-0)/ (13.1-0) = 0.573 Expected years of schooling index = (11.6-0)/ (18-0) = 0.644 Combined education index = (0.573*0.644) ^ (1/2)-0/ (0.978-0) = 0.621 Income index = (Ln (7,476) – Ln (100))/ (Ln (107,721) - Ln (100)) = 0.618 HDI = (0.844*0.621*0.618) ^ (1/3) = 0.687 Table 2: Computed and Reported HDIs for India and China HDI Comparison Country Reported 2011 Calculated India 0.547 0.546 China 0.687 0.687 Calculated HDIs for both India and China are not significantly different from the reported figures as shown in Table 2. Small difference in the case of India could have been as a result of round off effects. It is notable, however, that computed HDIs would be significantly different from reported 2011 numbers if maximum values for input variables adopted for the calculation were to be drawn from the respective larger region (continent) data or observed values (HDRO 2). Evaluation of Calculated HDIs for China and India China’s HDI of 0.687 falls under the medium human development category together with countries such as Samoa, Thailand, Viet Nam among others in East Asia. According to the 2011 Human Development Report, countries that have the highest human development achievement in this continent are Palau, Malaysia, and Tonga with HDI’s at 0.782, 0.761, and 0.704 respectively. Countries such as Solomon Islands, Papua,

Evaluation of Differential Research Methods Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of Differential Research Methods Essay In this essay we will look at the positive and negative aspects of the group presentation of remit 1. We will also look into the different research methods we took on to gather relevant information that we needed. Then recommendations we want to include for improvement from our verbal feedback alongside with any constraining factors we, as a group encountered. The essay will then look into the use and analysis of theory that we used that assisted us in making our final campaign. Once our group was given the idea of the university application we began to group ideas together as to what will work most effectively. We chose to use the campaign idea of viral marketing. To do this we took on a semantic and semiotic approach, whereby used signified linguistics to identify what we wanted to communicate and how. Semantic is better defined as ‘the study of linguistic development by classifying and examining changes in meaning and form’ [Semantics 2, 1994] our campaign idea was developed around the concept of transferring different meanings, for example in our campaign we developed the idea from the message we wanted to transfer across, which was the ease of use of the application along with the ability to make the video viral. Taking a semantic approach can allow the user to interpret form and meaning for them, the implementation of the meaning is posed but is left entirely to the user to self-interpret. Our campaign did however briefly touch over on semantic advertising, as we aimed the campaign as an viral video aimed at the social networking side of things we implemented the thoughts of just how effective it can be to specific target audiences to advertise on particular mediums. Our campaign idea could of better utilised the semantic concepts by identifying key phrases or words and adapting those words to create alternate meanings. Many semantic campaigns today are internet based, with a high increase of internet cookie tracking data being used by companies to then forward on products to consumers with similar search data. We decided to stay away from this concept as it falls into the category of anonymity and as an academic foundation we felt it more reputable to remain known. Semiotics is better defined as ‘The study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation’ [U, Eco, 1979] in our campaign we used many semiotic concepts and in fact it is arguably what our final idea was based around. In our storyboard campaign we decided to use the cartoon to real like to cartoon to real life effect which we used to indicate different scenarios, for example when the person first starts off he is a real life person standing with the application in his hand representing real life. The user then enters the University College Birmingham application whereby he is taken into another dimension and we see the use of different symbols and signs to recreate a fictional dimension. The use of this was to indicate exciting ways to being able to receive the information you need. In the cartoon storyboards the use of colours that we used were primary colours, which were used to indicate simplicity while portraying the ability to enjoy the application. It is also important to mention the signified and signifier model which we briefly used in the construction of our campaign, using key word associations it quickly gave us access to relevant wording which tied in with the possible campaign ideas. Finally to talk about the last concept that was used in the campaign we chose is rhetoric, better defined as ‘Language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience’ [G,Tom Eves, A 1999] in our campaign we opted for the viral video, in hope that this would tap into our target market which were young students. In the campaign with the concepts we used by interacting on social networking sites we intending to create a persuasive advertising campaign that attempted to eliminate any preconceived ideas that university information was complicated and hard to get a hold of. The use of language we used in the campaign was simplistic while informative; we left no vital pieces of information out of the campaign while also making the thought of this information entertaining. The overall effect we intended to make on our target audience was to leave a lasting impressive imprint that the viral video we had created was informative, fun and appealing to our audience. In a highly competitive market it is essential for students to understand exactly what they seek and for it to be easily accessible, by creating the viral campaign with the use of social networking sites it allows the audience to access the information they need directly or through friends. To conclude, with the campaign we ran with and the concepts we took on board to get to the final decision we used a variety of different models, in particular the semiotic model whereby we used a variety of different colours, forms and meanings to portray different emotions to the user to engage them. We then took on board some semantic concepts by allowing the campaign to become a viral video and publishing this online it acted not only as a source of information but in turn an advertisement of the application and university. To recommend what could have changed with the campaign final idea or what could have been done instead to better our chances of the campaign idea being successful there would be a few recommendations. The implication further of semantic concepts could have been implemented in to the campaign idea of using social networking. The application draft idea picked up little criticism other than the presentation of the application and its data. If the project was to be undertaken again the use of rhetoric alongside semantic would be heavily prevalent to tap into the internet advertising market alongside the use of websites which creating platforms to share videos, blogs and articles.

Investigating Special Education Internet Resources Essay Example for Free

Investigating Special Education Internet Resources Essay Family Village For Families of Children with Special Needs http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/websites.html This website offers a wide variety of resources for the community to use when trying to navigate around the internet. It has sources such as Parent to Parent Matching, Mental health Websites, Diagnosis, and Internet resources. The Tulsa Area Alliance on Disabilities – http://208.112.118.116/disabili.html The website explains the benefits of early inclusion with students with and without disabilities. The website also breaks down the stages in which the person should be reaching milestones such as work and self-sufficiency. Tulsa Kids For Parents. For Families. For Life http://www.tulsakids.com/October2011/Tulsa-Special-Needs-Resource-Guide/ The Tulsa Kids for Parents webstie offers five pages facilities where children with disabilities can utilize for exercise, activities, cheerleading, horseback riding and many other events that students with disabilities can participate in. This site also provides churches, foundations, learning facilities and legal services. This can be very helpful when parents are searching for activities their child may be interested or therapeutic exercise. United Way – Tulsa Area United Way – http://www.tauw.org/Member_Agencies.asp The Untied Way provides a tremendous amount of support in the Tulsa area for people with disabilities. The United Way partners with agencies to provide support for services the New Leaf that provides residential living skills classes and vocational training. Parents National Center for Learning Disabilities – http://www.ncld.org The NCLD website provides over 101 videos on different disabilities in order for parents to get an understanding of what type of disability their child may have. Not only does it provide facts about the disabilities it also provides true life stories from parents who have a child with a disability. Oklahoma Department of Human Services – http://www.okdhs.org/programsand services/dd/prvdrs/docs/providerlistab.htmlThe Department of Human Services is one of the most crucial services a parent can utilize. Having a child born with a disability is very expensive and the services the parents are offered are sometimes are life savers. Families can rely on free home visits for therapy, vouchers for formula, free shots and wellness baby checkups. Wrightslaw – http://www.wrightslaw.com/ Wrightslaw is a website that provides newsletters for parents to subscribe to concerning where to turn for Special Advocacy, Legal issues, revised regulations in education. This is a must to parents with a child that has a disability due to the fact that the website gets you headed in the right directs if a problem arises. The information is up to day on the No Child Left Behind Act. Students Funbrain – www.funbrain.com This website provides interactive games such as connect the dots to create a picture of an animal or character. Funbrain is for all school age students and are arranged in different grade levels. KidsKnowIt Network – http://www.kidsknowit.com – The Kids Know It Network can be used as a homework helper by watching math videos on the problems a student may be struggling with. There are also bidoes on astronomy, biology, geology, history, math, memory and so much more. Teachers can utilize this website as an additional tool in the classroom. The great part about this website is it is free. Learn4Good – http://www.learn4good.com/kids/indes.htm Learn4Good offers all ages Pre-k through 12 interactive games, lessons, math, reading, and can provide a report on student progress. At first I did not think students should be on this website but then took a closer look at what it had to offer the lower grades as well as the upper grades. Many times the older grades do not have enough educational websites to keep their interests or only geared to lower level learners. Starfall – http://www.starfall.com – Starfall offers children a large variety of learning tools to begin students learning adventures for all ages. The different categories range from learning their alphabet, colors, days, sounds to the students reading. My students with disabilities use this website when they come into the computer lab. Teachers Department of Education http://www.ed.gov The Department of Education is one of the most valuable websites that keeps teachers and administrators informed of the changing laws in education. It provides resources for grants, professional development and funding. Do2Learn http://www.do2learn.com Do2Learn is a must for teachers who teach children with autism. It allows you to print pictures of the child’s daily routine with flash cards. Self help toilet procedures, clothing, social behaviors and emotions. It offers over 2,500 pictures cards that can be printed. Most features on this site are free but there are some that you will need a subscription for. This website is a must for parents and teachers who work with Autistic students. Khan Academy http://www.khanacademy.org Khan Academy is one of the most valuable websites for teachers to utilize as a resources tool. It offers 750 math videos that allows students to view a 3-5 minute video on the math problem that they are currently working. If students struggle with a certain step of a math problem they can view the video as many times as they may need. This is great as a homework helper. Learning Disabilities Association of America http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/teachers/index.asp The LDA can provide a path to understanding of many of the disabilities that teachers come in contact with every day. As an educator it is important to utilize resources that can provide definitions of their student’s disabilities. It provides signs, symptoms and strategies. National Association of Special Education Teachers http://www.naset.org The NASET offers a wide range of resources for teachers such as Professional Development Courses, IEP Development Tools, E-Journals, IEP Golas, Objectives and Activities App. The most up to day features are also avail and can be utilized form your ipad or iphone app. One very important feature about this website is that it provides handouts, printable forms and reports. No Child Left Behind http://www.2.edu.gov/nclb.landing.jhtml The No Child Left Behind website offers resources for teachers and strategies that can be utilized in the classroom. Free special educational resources, bullying resources, are just some of the resources. The website also provides changes in the state standards, which is something that all teachers need to be aware of at all times.

Techniques of Data Warehousing

Techniques of Data Warehousing Data Warehousing is the method for reporting and data analysis, also known to be the care component of business intelligence environment.   Data can be a wide range of things, form financial to management.   With everybody within the organization having access to some form of data; security and integrity is always at risk. A Transactional Database is where a database transaction might consist of one or more data-manipulation statements and queries, each reading and/or writing information in the database.   Ex. Gym memberships, credit card purchases and mostly every banking transaction in all countries are recorded in databases unless youre paying cash.   The risk and integrity of these transactions are always accessed.   Many insurance company take the risk that their customers may never need them but always pay the bill. Even though there are some laws regarding the disclosure of health and other private information.   But the legal protection of privacy regarding the disclosure of grocery shopping habits and other things for example is slim to none in the US.   Therefore, you are at the mercy of the self-imposed privacy policies of the individual companies you deal with along with your ability to stay out of those transactional databases in the first place. Within a data warehouse you have two systems in place; OLTP and OLAP.   OLTP (On-line Transaction Processing) is characterized by a large number of short on-line transactions (INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE). The main emphasis for OLTP systems is put on very fast query processing, maintaining data integrity in multi-access environments and an effectiveness measured by number of transactions per second.   OLAP (On-line Analytical Processing) is characterized by relatively low volume of transactions. Queries are often very complex and involve aggregations. For OLAP systems a response time is an effectiveness measure. OLAP applications are widely used by Data Mining techniques. Another important factor to consider is the use of Business Intelligence.   Business Intelligence or BI is the technology infrastructure for gaining maximum information from available data for the purpose of improving business processes.   Typical BI infrastructure components are as follows: software solution for gathering, cleansing, integrating, analyzing and sharing data.   Business Intelligence produces analysis and provides believable information to help making effective and high quality business decisions. Data across Borders have become more common and frequent in everyday business.   Over the last 20 years, patterns of global dataflow have evolved at a rapid pace due to developments in global communication networks and business processes. As data is moved from data center to data center and/or across borders, security breaches become a tangible risk. To effectively protect data you must consider its lifecycle. The main features of the data lifecycle are: Create/Capture: To Receive or create data, whether captured from a website, a file transfer or a physical acquisition, will affect handling. Every method of creation or capture is going to require a different form of protection to ensure the information is safeguarded. Index and Classify: Once the data has been securely acquired, certain rules must be applied. The first step is to identify the type of data acquired. Is it personally identifiable information (PII)? Is it an image or a document? What kind of document is it?   Categorizing the document will make the process mare efficient. Store/Manage:   Where the data is stored will drive what protection controls are applied. If the data consists of PII or potential PII, then the organization may be legally required to store the data in a disk-based encryption format and encrypt backup copies of the data. Retrieve/Publish: After securely transferring data across the border, enable availability for use by ensuring that data is encrypted at each stage when transferred, stored and displayed.   Data cannot be decrypted in countries where it is not being transferred to, and access to systems such as network paths which enable cross-border transfers must be controlled. Process: To ensure the data is only used for authorized purposes and in compliance with applicable laws, application controls and metadata tagging are helpful tools. Archive: Once Data in not nedded, issues of long-term storage in compliance with the applicable policies and legal requirements arise. Is the backup onsite or offsite? Do your backups cross international borders? Are the backups governed by other countries privacy and data protection laws? The answers to these questions will help ensure that all potential risk areas are mitigated. Destroy: Sooner or later data will be deemed unusable, in accordance with applicable legislation. Ensure the destruction of archives, files, physical copies and any other copies. However, processes need to be in place for data excluded from regularly scheduled destruction cycles. For example, data subject to legal holds and discovery requests, as well as data governed by cross-border privacy legislation. Even with the most robust policies, processes and systems, continuous vigilance is required. Organizations should; Monitor change to regulatory and security. References: http://www.howtovanish.com/2009/11/transactional-databases-what-me-worry/ http://datawarehouse4u.info/OLTP-vs-OLAP.html http://datawarehouse4u.info/What-is-Business-Intelligence.html http://www.globallegalpost.com/commentary/data-across-borders-96787229/

Which Groups Pose an Urban Terrorist Threat :: essays research papers fc

WHICH GROUPS POSE AN URBAN TERRORIST THREAT There is not one particular group that poses an urban terrorist threat as long as the spread of the message is the only goal of the movement. Many organizations wish to gain the understanding of â€Å"outsider Americans† and try to reach as many sympathizers as possible for their movement. The problem arises when an organization seeks to gain understanding or recognition through force. An organization becomes an actual threat when they start to build up arms, purchase biological or chemical weapon supplies, or cast threats to surrounding areas. The most dangerous type of organization, which poses the greatest urban terrorist threat, is the radical doomsday organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Branch Dividian compound was an example of a doomsday organization that was building up arms for an attack in 1993. Branch Davidians believed that they are God’s chosen people and were preparing for the end of the world (John Mann). Although David Koresh, along with his organization, had not began to attack outside of its Waco Compound in Texas; the buildup of arms demonstrated the threat. The right action was taken to control group, although many have complained about the result of the government’s movement. During 1995 the Japanese experienced what could happen if a doomsday organization practices extreme measures to gain the audience of its fellow citizens. Members of the Aum Supreme Truth (Aum Shinrikyo) dropped sarin gas in the tunnels of a Tokyo subway system in March of 1995 killing 12 and injuring up to 6,000 more. The group’s leader Shoko Asahara (AKA Chizuo Matsumoto) was trying to forcefully fulfill his own prophecies in order to gain the attention of the people (Kaplan, 12). The same type of ill-fated incident could have been planned and executed by the Branch Davidians had they been allowed to continue to operate, and probably one day build a biological or chemical weapon of mass destruction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Timothy McVeigh was said to have been acting out of revenge for the Waco Compound seizure and attack by bombing the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City exactly 2 years later on April 19, 1995. There is little evidence that McVeigh was a member of any organization, and had only attended a few militia meetings (Grosscup, 117). The fact that the doomsday organization was preparing for the end of the world could very well have lead them to take an offensive action, just like McVeighs’, to facilitate their goals.

Confidence in the Federal Government and Voter Turnout Essay -- Resear

Confidence in the Federal Government and Voter Turnout Introduction Since the presidency of John F. Kennedy, there has been a decline in American confidence in the federal government (Walker, 2000). The importance of confidence in the American federal government is immense. Political participation can be defined as â€Å"Any activity that attempts to influence public policy or the selection of government officials† (Austin Community College). One hopes that Americans do not lack confidence in the federal government because they dislike this style of government. Democracy for many years has been trumpeted and hailed by many as the best way a government can truly reflect, respect and represent her citizens. Having a great deal of confidence and participating in governance can create a more patriotic spirit in citizens, which in turn might lead to more citizens participating politically, thereby making the country more democratic. It can be a propelling force behind a nation’s success, affecting all aspects of her citizens’ lives: education, business, government, families, and community organizations (McLagan & Nel, 1997). Since the 1970’s, the level of confidence in the federal government of America has drastically decreased. To illustrate the decline in confidence, the Cable News Network (CNN) Broadcasting Company recently conducted polls on confidence of the American public. Among their results were that â€Å"4 out of 5 [American adults] lack confidence in government† (Kyoko, 1997). This is approximately 153,600,000 million Americans! According to the CNN polls, â€Å"when asked to name two or three government successes of the past 30 years, 42 percent of the respondents could not even name one† (Kyoko, 1997).... ...1985, August). Religion and political change: The impacts of institutional connectedness and religious imagery. (Bib01414). Paper presented to the American Political Science Association. New Orleans, LA. Keystone Research Center. http://keystoneresearch.org/ 90 Ihuegbu Honors College Review 2001 press.releases/pademocracy.html Kyoko, A. (1997, March 21). Four of 5 Americans lack confi dence in government. Cable News Network [On-line]. Available: http://www.cnn.com/us/9703/21/govt.poll/ McLagan, P., & Nel, C. (1997). San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. ReadersNdex Archive [On-line]. Available: http://www.readersndex.com/imprint/000001n/00001cj/ 0000†¦/title.htm Walker, D. (2000, April 25). Improving government perfor mance and building trust. John C. Whitehead Forum [On-line]. Available: http://www.excelgov.org/whitehead/ walker_speech.htm

A Comparative Study of Literary

I would like to appreciate deeply the Institute of Post-graduate Studies (PIPS) of Universities Gains Malaysia (ISM) for the graduate assistance scheme which has supported me financially and has permitted me to have more teaching experience in the university. I have really enjoyed it. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor Dry. Teeing Separate Bin Teeing Maid. You have given your time and attention to my study. You have edified me Intellectually, and morally. I have learnt a lot from you.I am profoundly grateful for all the efforts you have done for me to complete my studies. Well-done and thankful very much! Special thanks go to Mrs.. Teeing Handmaid Teeing Amdahl, and Mr.. Teeing Yah Teeing Maid for their moral support and encouragement. Thanks go also to the staff of the Department of Languages and translation of the Universities Gains Malaysia for their amity, friendship, dealing, and Interaction, which I have enjoyed for the period of my study. I'm grateful to my uncle Houseboys Abraham, and my aunt Marl Abraham for their moral support and encouragement.I ask forgiveness from my children, Camera Mohamed Abode and Housel Mohamed Abode for living away from them for so long. I have lived away from you In your early ages for the quest for knowledge for the Juvenile generation of which you are members. Do understand that I think of you too much. I pray to my late parents, Embargo Abraham and Abode Mindset. May God rest their souls. Finally, I thank God for giving me health and persons, and to bless me to contribute the knowledge I have learnt to mankind in general and to my country, Comers in particular. Amen!The last category deals with translator training, translation aids, and translation criticism. This study is conducted on the second category (TTS); it is a descriptive translation study in literary translation. It describes and compares translation aspects that can be semantically problematic. It is motivated by p roblems concerning the macrostructure (the global meaning of the texts understudy) and macrostructure (the expressive means of the texts understudy), their occurrence, translatability, and effects in literary translation. This study is a multilingual comparative study. It is a descriptive study on literary texts whose dynamic polyester, according to Hermann (1985: 10-12), requires a â€Å"continual interplay between theoretical models and practical case studies† carried out in a descriptive approach which is target-text oriented. Moreover, Avian and Darlene (1995: 9) state that â€Å"translation can be an object of research into the mechanisms of one language in relation to another. Translation allows us to clarify certain linguistic phenomena which otherwise would remain undiscovered. Weston (1991 : 9) points out that translation difficulties deal with overcoming conceptual differences between the SSL and TTL. Wills (1998: 58- 60), van Disk (1981: 5), and Escaroles (1978: 1 2- 14) have linguistically discussed the interdependence between macrostructure and macrostructure in terms of coherence and relationships. The former deal with the global relationships of the events and actions of the text, whereas the latter deals with the local details and their relationships between the

Civil Rights of African Americans Essay

Intro This essay will show how these two presidents tackled the problem of Civil rights of African Americans and it will demonstrate the extent of improvements and what remained the same. When one compares the extent of improvements which these two presidents make, the immediate reaction would be one praise towards President Kennedy because of his ultimate death while one would demonise President Johnson cause of Vietnam. This essay will show how little Kennedy actually accomplished as president but how much Johnson and the civil rights movement achieved thanks To be able to compare and objectively see the extent to which these two presidents improved civil rights for African Americans, we must first ascertain what their goals were and if they accomplished them or not; establish the extent of what they did with president each of the surrounding circumstances. In the early 1960S, the drive for voting rights became a central part of the major southern-based civil rights organizations’ strategy — the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), headed by Martin Luther King Jr., and the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), led by Bob Moses, John Lewis and James Forman. Argument for Kennedy What did Kennedy do to advance the cause of civil rights? 1) He put pressure on federal government organisations to employ more African Americans. Any who were employed were usually in the lowest paid posts and in jobs that had little prospect of professional progress. The FBI only employed 48 African Americans out of a total of 13,649 and these 48 were nearly all chauffeurs. Kennedy did more than any president before him to have more African Americans appointed to federal government posts. In total, he appointed 40 to senior federal positions including five as federal judges 2) Kennedy appointed his brother (Robert) as Attorney General which put him at the head of the Justice Department. Their tactic was to use the law courts as a way of enforcing already passed civil rights legislation. The Justice Department brought 57 law suits against local officials for obstructing African Americans who wished to register their right to vote. Local officials from Louisiana were threatened with prison for contempt when they refused to hand over money to newly desegregated schools. Such a threat prompted others in Atlanta, Memphis and New Orleans to hand over finance without too many problems – few if any were willing to experience the American penal system which had a policy of punishment then as opposed to reforming prisoners. 3) Kennedy was very good at what would appear to be small gestures. In American football, the Washington Redskins were the last of the big teams to refuse to sign African Americans. Their stadium was federally funded and Kennedy ordered that they were no longer allowed to use the stadium and would have to find a new one. The team very quickly signed up African American players. 4) Kennedy created the CEEO (Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity). Its job was to ensure that all people employed with the federal government had equal employment opportunities; it also required all those firms that had contracts with the federal government to do the same if they were to win further federal contracts. 5) The 1963 March on Washington was initially opposed by Kennedy as he believed that any march during his presidency would indicate that the leaders of the civil rights campaign were critical of his stance on civil rights. Kennedy also felt that the march could antagonise Congress when it was in the process of discussing his civil rights bill. A march might have been viewed by Congress as external pressure being put on them. Kennedy eventually endorsed the march when it was agreed that the federal government could have an input into it. Malcolm X criticised King’s decision to allow this as he believed that Kennedy was attempting to take over and orchestrate the march. Malcolm X was to nick-name the march â€Å"The Farce on Washington†. Argument against Kennedy 1) Kennedy had to tread a very fine line in the South. His popularity by September 1963 showed that his support had dropped to 44% in the South. It had been 60% in March 1963. At this time, the South was a traditional stronghold of the Democrats. Was Kennedy a keen civil rights man? 2) In the immediate aftermath of his death, only praise was heaped on the murdered president. To do otherwise would have been considered highly unpatriotic. However, in recent years there has been a re-evaluation of Kennedy and what he did in his presidency. For a man who claimed that poor housing could be ended with the signing of the president’s name, Kennedy did nothing. His Department of Urban Affairs bill was rejected by Congress and eventually only a weak housing act was passed which applied only to future federal housing projects. 3) The CEEO was only concerned with those already employed (though it did encourage firms to employ African Americans) and it did nothing to actively get employment opportunities for African Americans. The CEEO was concerned with those in employment within the federal government not the unemployed. 4) Kennedy was also aware that southern Democrats were still powerful in the party and their wishes could not be totally ignored if the party was not to be split apart – or if Kennedy was not to get the party’s nomination for the 1964 election. However, there is no doubt that the violence that occurred in the South during his presidency horrified and angered him. Argument for LBJ 1) Lyndon Baines Johnson has been credited with being one of the most important figures in the civil rights movement. Johnson does have some distracters who believe that he was merely an unprincipled politician who  used the civil rights issue when he realised the worth of the â€Å"Black Vote†. However Johnson himself claimed to be an idealist who dreamed of making America a â€Å"Great Society†. It was Johnson who put the presidential signature to the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Conclusion I recon that, it doesn’t actually matter if Kennedy was a genuine supporter of civil rights or not, as long as he was doing something to improve it. People tend to forget all other pressures that were on Kennedy at the same time as the civil rights crisis, such as the Cuban crisis which potentially threatened world peace. From my point of view that would become subsequently much more important than civil rights. However I do understand and take into account the view that civil rights was a serious problem, which definitely had to be addressed, especially when the united states were claiming that they were the perpetrators of peace and liberty. Considering JFK’s premature death, the general world situation, (Vietnam, Cuban Missile Crisis) I think that the extent of JFK’s civil rights achievements were limited. While President Johnson was able to achieve remarkably a lot, especially when faced with the Vietnam War. One can argue that LBJ’s achievements, such as the passing of the civil rights bill is all thanks to JFK’s death; that he only promoted civil rights to boost his campaign to get to the top; the only reason he pursued the voting rights act was because faced with the Vietnam war, he had to boost moral at home. All this is partly true and has an effect that on what he was doing and had done but it wasn’t the main policy that he was following. LBJ had done what no other President before had ever, could ever or will ever achieve. He single handed managed to pass legislation trough congress that would change every single African Americans life for ever, but not only he also managed to keep at bay the feared white backlash, and the black power movement, considering that it could have escalated, and caused much greater damage. Over all the extent of legislation, appo intments and gestures that President Lindon Johnson did was at a far greater depth and extent that any had done for the civil rights movement in the US.

Freedom Writer S Film Review Essay

The film, Freedom Writers, directed by Richard LaGravenese captured the lives of underrepresented and at risk students whom lived in Long Beach, California, that were born into gang life and didn’t see their lives past than age eighteen. Erin Gruwell was a passionate young teacher keen on social change. Wanting to make a difference, she decided to teach at the newly voluntarily integrated Woodrow Wilson High School. The movie’s portrayal of stereotypes was emphasized through its technical aspects, the recurring themes of segregation and racial profiling, and the characterizations of individuals, while at the same time, the humor in the film was able to keep it lighthearted and enjoyable for the audience. The main theme of the movie â€Å"Freedom Writers† was about the prevalence of racism in public school and breaking away from the stereotypes. In the beginning of the movie, the students that were in Mrs. Gruwell’s class were clearly segregated from each other and isolated themselves into cliques. Gang wars were a part of their daily lives. The wars stemmed from older generations teaching and portraying that violence and hatred was normal. Growing up, the kids were raised to hate and fight anyone, even in school, that was a different race from them. While the other teachers had given up on these students, Mrs. Gruwell saw their true potential. Her classroom became a place where students could feel physically and emotionally safe. This film’s social relevance pertains to today. Although as a society we have improved, racial tension and gang violence still exist in public schools, but it’s important to recognize that those students are not hopeless causes. They may be considered the outsiders, but their backgrounds make them strong enough to overcome the stereotypes that have been placed on them, obtain an education, and invite change into their communities. The value of this film was teachers shouldn’t judge, or give up, on students no matter their background. Teachers need to see that these students just need a chance to show that they are capable. With the 1992 Rodney King Riots of Los Angeles in the not-so-far past, the plot of Freedom Writers became very realistic. The racial tension in the Los Angeles area had reached an all time high. This racial tension carried over into Mrs. Gruwell’s classroom. The Blacks, Latinos, and the Cambodians had all segregated. It wasn’t hard to realize that could have very well have been what many high schools in the Los Angeles and Long Beach area looked like after the 1992 riots. The way Mrs. Gruwell brought the students together did not seem realistic. When you’ve been in rival gangs for the majority of your lives, it seems like it would have been hard to be brought together over a few journal entries and a trip to the Museum of Tolerance. However, we did not grow up in the Los Angeles/Long Beach area during that time period, so we’ve no idea what the situation was like for those kids. Overall, the film was well assembled and the plot was convincing and believable. Freedom Writers had a mission. Nothing about the film was subliminal, and the characterizations were blatant. They could have helped or hurt the film’s message. The characterizations were warring factions with a mutually bred hatred for each other. The primary metaphor was war between the ghetto, little Tijuana, little Cambodia, and white people. Everyone fought for their own people, but never their own identity as they were willing to throw their lives away to be â€Å"respected†. The stereotypes of each ethnicity defined the characters at first, but as the story progressed, their characterizations became more unique and tragic. Both society and the teachers looked down upon these kids, never expecting them to go anywhere in life. The stereotypes placed upon the youths of Long Beach brings empathy from the audience because they can somewhat compare to being looked down upon. So through the horrible environment you understand the kid’s stagnancy and ignorance, but also their will to survive. With such a hard hitting subject matter and great performance, the film provoked emotions such as understanding, sympathy, inspiration, and discontent with the education system. At the beginning of the movie, you hardly ever see any of the Blacks, Latinos, or Cambodians in the same scenes. LaGravenese does this to show the racial tension that existed in Long Beach following the 1992 Rodney King riots. The different ethnic groups were only in the same scenes when they were fighting. Scenes shot in Mrs. Gruwell’s classroom did not even show different racial groups in the same shot. Once Mrs. Gruwell broke down the racial barriers at the end of the movie, LaGravenese then started to show all the students in the same scenes. LaGravenese also used lighting to help emphasize the racial divide. At the beginning of the movie, the scenes are very dark. As the movie progressed and Mrs. Gruwell began to tear down the racial divide, her classroom became lighter. She always had the blinds open and flowers scattered around the room to emphasize peace and tranquility. The choice of background music for the film subtly helped to show how the racial divide in Mrs. Gruwell’s classroom was eventually broken. At the beginning of the film, music by Tupac that talked about violence, suffering, and living in poverty was played. By the end of the movie, LaGravenese played some of Tupac’s music about hope, wealth, and prosperity. This music was played once Mrs. Gruwell had finally torn down the racial divide between the different ethnicities. The film captures the viewpoints of several students in the classroom, each fighting their own personal battle all the while capturing the relationship that is being formed between each other. With determination and passion brought by Ms. Gruwell, the students are focused on the phrase â€Å"Toast for Change,† and being a hero although just an ordinary teenager. The film’s value is to open the eyes of the audience to understand their surroundings and realize that there is much opportunity for one to make a difference just as Ms. Gruwell did as a teacher and just as her students did in each others lives. To conclude, Freedom Writer’s wonderfully portrayed how a group of students, with the help of their teacher, were able to drop their previous stereotypes and hatred of each other to live peacefully. This hatred was derived from generations of gang wars based on ethnicity, and although each teen fought for their people, they had their own personal battles as well. As students were able to open up more to Ms. Gruwell about their lives, they realized they weren’t all that different from each other. This helped form the close relationship of Classroom 203. The stereotypes of each group of students masked the identities of each individual, which invoked feelings of sympathy and disbelief from the general public. Different styles of Tupac’s music and the way scenes were shot helped to subliminally explain the divisions between ethnic groups and how they became united. While the film may not be the most theatrically beautiful, the message it gives holds a priceless value.

Effect of Temperature on Catalase

Lab Report The effect of temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2 Sarah AlShemesi In this experiment we’ll be exploring the effects of temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2. We’ll be using five different temperatures to test this. The five different temperatures will be 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 oC. We will use the liver as a source of Catalase. A 1 gram piece of liver will be inserted into a test tube with 2 cm3 of water, then 2 cm3 of H2O2 will be added.The Catalase and H2O2 are expected to react and result in bubbles and a rise in the solution. If the bubbles form and the solution rises quickly then this suggests that the enzymes are working sufficiently and the nearing the optimum temperature. Investigation question: What is the effect of the different temperatures 10 oC, 30 oC, 50 oC, 70 oC and 90 oC on the reaction between Catalase found in liver and H2O2 and what will be the Catalase’s optimum temperature? Variables: * Independent variable: Temperature in oC Dependant variable: the height of the solution, measured with a ruler in cm. * Controlled variables: mass of liver, volume of water, volume of H2O2, method of pouring H2O2 into the liver/water solution. * The mass of the liver was controlled by measuring the liver pieces after they’ve been cut to ensure that each is 1 gram only. * Volume of water was controlled by measuring 2 cm3 using the same 10 cm3 measuring cylinder. * Volume of H2O2 was controlled by measuring 2 cm3 of it using the same 10 cm3 measuring cylinder. The method of pouring the H2O2 into the liver/water solution was kept consistent by having the same person pour it in every time at the same approximate speed. Materials: * Liver * H2O2 60 cm3 * 1 Ruler ( cm ) * Water 60 cm3 * 12 Test tubes * 2 Tongue * 2 Measuring cylinder 10 cm3 * 2 Droppers * 1 Beaker 100 cm3 * A bowl of ice cubes * 1 Knife * 1 Bunsen Burner * 1 Glass rod * 1 Digital balance * 3 Thermometers ( oC ) Method: 1. Cut t he liver into twenty five pieces using the knife, use the digital balance to ensure that each piece of liver weighs 1 gram only. 2. Place each liver piece in an individual test tube. 3.Use the 10 cm3 measuring cylinder to measure 2 cm3 ( this amount of H2O was chosen so that when the H2O2 is added the solution can bubble and rise without spilling out of the test tube ) of H2O and add that amount of water to the test tube containing the piece of liver. 4. Place ice cubes at the bottom of the 100 cm3 beaker till the base of it is completely covered. 5. Place the previously mentioned test tube ( containing the water/liver solution) into the beaker holding it up at the center as you or your partner continue to fill the beaker with ice cubes till the test tube is completely submerged in ice and only the top is not. . Continuously measure the temperature of the solution. 7. When the solution reaches the temperature of 10 oC, remove the test tube from the beaker filled with ice and perform step 8 immediately. 8. Add 2 cm3 of H2O2, wait for the solution to react and for the bubbles to rise and then use your cm ruler to measure the height of the solution after it has risen and note the height down. 9. For the other trials you must heat your solution rather than cool it down. To do so, prepare your liver/water solution with the same dimensions as before. 0. Light up the Bunsen Burner to a soft flame. 11. Use the tongues to hold one test tube over the flame, you must move the test tube continuously to avoid burning or overheating and you must also measure the temperature of the solution continuously till it reaches the desired temperature for that trial; either 30 oC, 50 oC, 70 oC or 90 oC. 12. When the solution reaches the desired temperature quickly repeat step 8. 13. Repeat the procedure five times for each temperature to produce five trials.Data collected on the effect of Temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2: This Date shows the temperature, the fina l height of the solution in the test tube after it rose and the change in height given that the initial height for all is 1. 4 cm. | Height of solution ( cm  ±0. 1 )| Temperatures ( oC  ± 0. 5 ) | Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| Trial 4 | Trial 5| Mean of change| | Final height| Change in height| Final height| Change In height| Final height| Change in height| Final Height| Change in Height| Final Height| Change in height| | 10| 2. 1| 0. 7| 2. 3| 0. | 2. 2| 0. 8| 2. 4| 1. 0| 2. 3| 0. 9| 0. 9| 30| 2. 6| 1. 2| 2. 7| 1. 3| 3. 0| 1. 6| 2. 8| 1. 4| 2. 6| 1. 2| 1. 3| 50| 3. 1| 1. 7| 3. 2| 1. 8| 3. 3| 1. 9| 3. 1| 1. 7| 3. 4| 2. 0| 1. 8| 70| 2. 5| 1. 1| 2. 4| 1. 0| 2. 6| 1. 2| 2. 7| 1. 3| 2. 4| 1. 0| 1. 1| 90| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 1. 4| 0. 0| 0. 0| Uncertainties were calculated by finding the lowest unit of the measuring equipment and then dividing it by two. For example the lowest unit of measuring on the thermometer is 1, to calculate the uncertainty: 1 / 2 = 0. 5 So the uncertainty is:  ± 0. However in the case of height, we’re using both ends to measure so we don't divide by two. So since the smallest measuring unit is 0. 1 cm the uncertainty is  ± 0. 1 Table 2 : Standard Deviation of each trial : Temperature ( oC )| StandardDeviation ( cm) of Data| 10| 0. 10. 1| 30| 0. 149| 50| 0. 116| 70| 0. 116| 90| 0. 000| The standard deviation was calculated using a TI-83 GDC. The steps were the following: 1. STAT ; EDIT ; Edit :1 2. Enter the variables ( In this case, the change in height in the different trials of the same temperature ) under L1. . STAT ; CALC ; 1-Var Stats to view the values. 4. Standard deviation is displayed as Sx. The standard deviation will be used on the graph to indicate how much results may deviate from the collected data. I could further process my data using the T-test or the Chi squared test to see whether there is a clear correleational link between temperature and height of the solution of water/liver after it reacts with H2O2. However, I will study this correlational link through the following graph: Temperature of Liver/Water solution ( oC  ± 0. 5)Change in Height of the Liver/Water solution after H2O2 was added. ( ± 0. 1 cm) The trend line is polynomial ( Order : 3 ) so it shows the predicted heights of the liver/water solution after H2O2 is added against the temperatures. Conclusion: Our data shows that the enzymatic activity of Catalase varied depending on temperature. At 10 oC the activity decreased because the Catalase molecules moved slower thus resulting in less collision with the H2O2 molecules. In the temperature 30 o C we find that the activity increases slightly because the molecules are colliding more often.However we notice that at the temperature 50 oC the activity is the highest and has significantly rose above the others. This suggests that at the temperature of 50 oC Catalase is most sufficient; it is the optimum temperature. The trend line’s curve also su pports that since the curve is highest at 50 oC. At 70 oC the activity decreases and the solution rises almost as high as it did at the temperature of 30 oC, this is due to the enzymes denaturing because of the high temperature. At 90 oC we observed no reaction whatsoever because all the enzymes had denatured.Our graph was very similar to the one found in the Pearson Baccalaureate SL Biology book that displayed the effect of temperature on Catalase activity. They both exhibited a steady rise followed by a steep decrease, as the temperatures got higher. My data and graph also clearly suggest that the optimum temperature for Catalase is around 50 oC while an experiment conducted by Arefan Khan concluded that 40 oC is the optimum temperature for Catalase (Effect of Temperature on Catalase Enzyme, pg1).The different results may be because I had large intervals of temperature; I did not test for the effect of 40 oC on Catalase, which is why my results are closer to 50 oC. Evaluation: Err or 1: -Step: cutting the liver Weakness: the liver wasn't frozen and so the cutting was not very accurate. This resulted in us cutting small pieces of liver to complete 1 gm, thus resulting in different surface areas for different trials and temperatures. This may affected the experiment by exposing more Catalase to the H2O2 in some trials than others.Improvement: Make sure the liver is frozen and can be easily cut so that all trials receive liver with roughly the same surface area. Error 2: -Step: Using the Bunsen Burner to heat the solution to the desired temperature. Weakness: the temperature of the solution continued to rise even after heating was stopped. Improvement: Using an electric water bath and setting it to the different desired temperatures to heat the liver and water solution to ensured that temperature is constant. Error 3: -Step: Using the Bunsen Burner to heat the solution to the desired temperature.Weakness: The thermometer’s temperature might have affected the temperature of the solution when it was inserted into it to measure its temperature. For example: the thermometer is at room temperature and is inserted into solution being heated to 70 oC, the solution might haven risen above that, however when the thermometer is inserted, it cools down the solution and gives a temperature of 70 oC. Improvement : Keeping the thermometer inside the solution as it is heating or cooling, however it must be ensured that it does not touch the bottom of the test tube as that may give false temperatures.

A Sorrowful Woman by Gail Godwin

In a world that is often referred to as the world of men, the role of women is not considered important and therefore can be suppressed. This is why feminist views and criticisms arise especially in literature. By definition, criticism of feminist involves examining ways literature enhances women's economic, political, social, and psychological oppression. (Tyson) In the sad woman of Gail Godwins, the role of the heroine is focused mainly on the distance from her organizational lifestyle. Gil Godwin's sad woman's story depicts his wife and mother gradually withdrawing from her family after being overwhelmed by her husband and children and completely removing them from their lives. Their existence reminds her every day that she lost her freedom and self identity, and her life will never be the same again (Godwin 78). She wants her freedom and her own identity. Like Mr. Clap, this will be more fulfilling, she wants to live a lonely life away from her husband, her children, and other pe ople in the community. She thinks that marriage is the root of pain, and deprives her identity, self and freedom. She also wanted to leave the society that defends her marriage, so I decided to live a solitary life. However, she believes that freedom and self will not bring the satisfaction that he desires. In 1976, best - selling American novelist Gale Godwin announced a series of feminists called dream kids and anti - parent short stories. One of the stories, sad woman uses simple words and objective perspectives to give a sense of a fairy tale that women are struggling to meet her expectations as wives and mothers . This will tell the story to the overall theme of the series and explore the unsatisfying family lifestyle that weakens and weakens the psychological and emotional well-being of trapped women.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 58

Philosophy - Essay Example It constitutes of good traits that are important which enable a person to carry out their duties, at the right time, and in the correct way. This essay provides a detailed analysis of Aristotle’s ethics by analyzing his moral philosophy. The scholar discussed moral philosophy in three categories that include happiness, the right, and the good aspects. He explained that the personality of an individual is determined by elements such as individual agents, virtues, vices, and the mode of attaining happiness in life. The good feature composes of a superior good which is targeted by everyone to achieve their ultimate goals and targets. Non-Aristotle form of good entail attainment of wealth, honor, pleasure, and happiness. He explains that in order to achieve this aspect, the highest and worthy course of action should be taken (Modrak 2001). Aristotle describes happiness as the state of living and performing different activities with effective procedures. He emphasizes that this category of moral philosophy is not subjective, but it is objective that implies that it is not associated to feelings such as pleasure. It entails the activity of a person’s soul rather than their state that relates also to their virtues (Rorty 2006). An individual’s virtues are important and determine whether they can achieve happiness. They are connected, therefore since they provide conducive and flourishing environment that enables a person to work effectively and be good. Aristotle classified virtues into two categories that comprise of the intellectual aspect which is considered as the rational part of a person’s personality. The second classification is composed of moral values which encompass the rational and the appetitive area of the soul. Virtues are significant since an individual can engage in an activity to the correct extent (Aristotle & Reeve 2014) implying that they engage in different actions but which are appropriate. They maintain, therefore, the

Critical Analysis of Baby Steps toward Tighter Money in China Article Essay

Critical Analysis of Baby Steps toward Tighter Money in China Article - Essay Example According to Silk, constraining lending may actually fit the authorities objective of driving the economy towards consumption-led growth instead of an investment-driven model, though it may not be an easy task as such (Web). He argues that the action by the central bank may do more harm to the already shaken economy which was upset by serious cash crunch earlier this year. The People’s Bank of China seems to have number explanations to be more aggressive including the expected rise in Consumer price inflation which was 3.1% and hiking house prices which were 8.2% in September. Also, the U.S is also pumping more capital in China as a way of keeping her (U.S) economic stimulus in place and this may really heighten inflation in China. It is therefore important for the PBOC to pull out these cash from her systems as a way of controlling her economy. However, Silk argues that the good news is that China is an emerging economy and therefore it may endure the economic challenge curre ntly than earlier in the year (Web). The People’s Bank of China sapped 58 billion Yuan from her interbank market thus making the seven days reverse repo rate go up by 4.7%. It finally led to a loosening of liquidity and the move was interpreted by some economist as a way of easing lending. Move to control the rising debt by the PBOC has had several effects including rising in interest rates and tumbling of stock markets. Debt has experienced a rapid growth which greatly interfered with social financing as well as outstanding borrowings by both businesses and households which really worries the economy. However, there is a mixed reaction from the optimists and the pessimists of the government move to curb debt (Silk Web). The fact that PBOC should instill more balanced lending is indeed very wise but the question lingering is the depth of the control. Actually, this article points out that one of the tests facing emerging China’s economy, although a few are predominantl y lethal.  Ã‚  

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Music - Essay Example is first work 9 Variations in C Minor† was published in 1782, when his age was 12.At the age of 14 he was the organist in the court of â€Å"Maximillian Franz, Elector of Cologne.† His meeting with Mozart took place in â€Å"Vienna in 1787.† Mozart highly appreciated the musical talents of Beethoven. In Vienna, he took music lessons from masters like Haydan, Salieri and Albrechtsberger. His talents won him admiration in the music circles of Vienna. â€Å"He composed Opus 1, the Trios for Piano,† in the year 1794. In 1795, he gave â€Å"his first public performance† in an academy known as Vienna and then began his tour to Prague, Leipzig, Dresden, berlin and Budapest. Notwithstanding his music talents, as a person, he was known for â€Å"his impulsive behavior.† â€Å"In 1800 in a new concert at Vienna† he presented â€Å"his first symphony.† With his innovations he was crossing the established norms â€Å"of music.† In 1801, he began to realize that he was turning deaf. This health issue turned him cynical and his life was useless and purposeless with this deficiency, he thought. But his passion for music was too strong and he kept pushing to the front. He engaged himself in what is known as Beethoven music, Sonatas for Piano, the second and the third symphonies, The Eroica and in due course many such creations. He wrote his 3rd symphony in honor of Bonaparte. On April, 7, 1805, the Erocia symphony was played for the first time. His creativity began to flourish. Pastora, Coriolan Overtue and Letter for Elise are some of his immortal creations. He fell in love with several of his students. Beethoven was given an annual grant of 4,000 florins, by his rich admirers and with that assistance it was possible for him to function as an independent composer. He was free to compose what he wanted, a true freelancer, under the command of nobody. When Archduke Rudolph became Cardinal, Beethoven began to composing his mass in D. The ninth symphony was completed in 1823. Soon,

Historical Travel Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Historical Travel Paper - Essay Example Due to the presence of these famous individuals, the place of Louisville became quite prominent among others. However, certainly after some years, it came into limelight as a distinctive place in Kentucky history due to its various well-known places of interest. From horse racing to numerous geographical natural resources, Kentucky is a place of a rich heritage and ethnicity. One of such famous locations in Kentucky is Louisville. It is a place famous for many notable inventions and events such as Edison’s light bulb, the first artificial heart transplant, a famous horse race (Kentucky Derby) and many others. Due to such reasons, it is recognised as one of the world famous locations in the United States (Tyler 20). Discussion Significance of Louisville in the history of Kentucky. Louisville is recognised as a renowned place in the history of Kentucky as it played a major role in the Civil War of America. It acted as a major foothold for the Union forces as well as a centre of planning and scheduling, transportation of campaigns, and many other requirements. Numerous Native Americans emigrated from other regions to get settled in this place. What is ‘sold down the river’? It is also a notable place for the trading of slaves to other regions, and so, it is also known as the place of ‘sold down the river’. ... This remarkable fact marked the importance of the place of Louisville in the history of Kentucky for the future generations to feel the trouble faced by the black people of that place. Apart from this, Louisville is also famous for the thoroughbred horse races, also known as Kentucky Derby. What is Kentucky Derby? Kentucky Derby is the world famous race of horses conducted on the first Saturday in May. Numerous world renowned politicians and respectable citizens visit the place of Louisville as to enjoy the race of horses. It lasts for two weeks and is accompanied with varied types of parades with balloons. It is also described as ‘the most exciting two minutes in sports’, mainly because three-year-old horses run 11/4 miles for two minutes. Moreover, the horses that run in these races are mainly male young horses of at least 126 pounds, female horses of 121 pounds are also allowed to run in the races of Kentucky Derby. Nowadays, almost 200,000 citizens all around the glo be watch this race by television. So, it has become so famous in the history of Kentucky (Luhan 45). Due to such reasons, the place of Louisville became extremely known in the entire world among other adjoining places. Consequently, Kentucky Derby of Louisville is also known as ‘run for roses’. This is so, because the fastest horse and the jockey are presented with a garland of red roses as an honour. Along with this, the garland also includes a seal of common wealth to make it more memorable. Along with this, the winner is also presented a trophy developed by New England Sterling. Due to all these above mentioned famous things, Louisville is recognised as a reputed location in Kentucky history (City of Louisville 62). Personal and Historical Perspective After learning more about Louisville

Portfolio in Islamic Commercial Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Portfolio in Islamic Commercial Law - Essay Example Meanwhile the second essay discusses how Islamic economic and finance can be the best alternative solution of ‘Responsible Capitalism’ from Islamic perspective. Relation between Islamic commercial law and political will of the state This section describes the relation between Islamic commercial law and political will of the state. It presents the development Islamic commercial law is inter-related with political will of the state. The notion is discussed by presenting a case study in the development of Islamic commercial law from early development until recent. In this case Southeast Asia will be used as a case study. The Sharia is made up of the ‘legal’ statements of the Koran and the Customs of the clairvoyant. Fiqh is an academic study, and juristic understanding of those sources. It is often presented as an ‘Islamic jurisprudence’. The word Sharia also entails these understanding. 1 The ideas are normally presented as different, although the limits connecting them are not completely presented. Muslim educators accurately criticise the expression ‘Islamic law’ for its malfunction to differentiate between phenomena within the society.2 The Sharia should be clearly distinguished from the territory law of Muslim- preponderance jurisdictions. Some justification processes do have stipulation in their statute, that the Sharia is the most important foundation of law. 3 Some have produced statutes founded on the Sharia, though; this is diverse from the Sharia essence the law. In the first situation, it is not more than the foundation, and in the subsequent, one of its indispensable attributes, its eventual influence, has been distorted, from Allah to the status. One exemption is Saudi Arabia, where Sharia is the law, other than this there are enhancement by frequent ‘regulations’ produced by the authority.1Sharia is an Arabic expression used to label Islamic by law. It initially referred to the trail p acked down by camels to a wet stream foundation, and the commonly used Arabic expression al-Sharia al-islamiyah could be turned into Islamic language. In the situation of Islamic rule, the technique is one that directs the virtuous advocate to ecstasy in life after death. The Sharia is not considered a sacred law by good quality of the area under discussion matters concerned, for these assortment far further than the ball of spiritual concerns firmly communication and lengthen to the humdrum affairs of on a daily basis.4 To a certain extent, its spiritual temperament is as a result of the Muslim principle that it emanates from exquisitely stimulated sources and represent God’s map for the appropriate grouping of all human being actions. Even though, Muslims have the same opinion that they are in touch by the Sharia law. The understandings of its necessities have been differentiated in the past depending on sectarian and school divided sections and, in contemporary times, also depending on the different notions of how the Sharia law is applicable to changed state of affairs of modern societies.5 The explanations of the necessities of Sharia law are controlled in the fiqh. In a universal intelligence, fiqh implies â€Å"acquaintance† or â€Å"knowledge,† except it is also second-hand in a more exact intelligence of Islamic law making process. Sharia

CORPORATE STRATEGY - FITNESS INDUSTRY NEW YORK FITNESS Assignment

CORPORATE STRATEGY - FITNESS INDUSTRY NEW YORK FITNESS - Assignment Example This industry renders the facility of fitness specially gym and health clubs as per membership basis. The benefits provided by this industry include the use of exercise equipments and weights, along with facilitating personal training, group classes and other club amenities. As per the data of IBIS World (2012), the fitness industry especially gym and health clubs have inculcated an estimated figure of around 8.7 million members across the United Kingdom, which is nearly 17% of the adult population. The London Olympics specially provided the extra motivation in this industry; as a result, the revenue increased by around 9.5% over the last five years (IBIS World, 2013). The fitness industry is incredibly successful with innovation and changing technologies which provides the adapting capability of the products for suiting its own requirements. Though there are around 6000 gyms and health clubs in the UK but they cater to the different market segments. These include women only gyms, tr aditional body building gyms, budget model gyms, premium full service health club, and 24-hour gyms among others. In London, there are around 70,200 people employed in the active leisure, learning as well as wellbeing sector among them 5900 are employed in the health and fitness industry. Therefore, the government of the UK also provides help for ensuring sustained growth of this sector. London has a rich mix of active leisure and learning facilities, high profile sporting clubs and also a host of international, national and regional events. Therefore, the industry skills fill the gap of sports specific technical skills and health consciousness (AACS LMI, 2010). Contextually, on the basis of research initiatives on management theory the analysis is done with the help of PESTLE analysis of the external environment. Besides, in this paper, Bowman’s Strategy Clock and application and justification of the Ansoff’s Matrix are also going to be provided as analysing tools for finding out marketing and growth strategy of a new company. Thus, by analysing the external and internal factors a set of recommendations is also drawn on the development options of the business (Jarzabkowski & et. al, 2009). PESTLE Analysis of the Fitness Industry in the UK A PESTLE analysis at times referred to as PEST analysis is one of the imperative and useful tools for analysing and understanding the industry position as a whole and is often used in conjunction with a SWOT analysis to access the situation of an individual business. A PESTLE analysis is one of the most important frameworks regarding to the assessment of macro environmental analysis. Therefore, it is one of the most important frameworks and a key part for designing of strategic management. The term ‘PESTLE’ refers Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors. This analysis enables to draw varied pertinent responses regarding various questions such as what are the po litical factors which likely to affect the industry, important economic factors, cultural aspects, technological innovations, present and imminent legislations of the government as well as environmental considerations. However, it is also needed to highlight that these factors definitely depend and

Anti-copper Therapy among Pregnant Women Can Lower the Risk of Wilsons Research Paper

Anti-copper Therapy among Pregnant Women Can Lower the Risk of Wilsons Disease in Their Children - Research Paper Example Therefore, the physicians encourage the pregnant women to use zinc in reducing the amount of copper in their neurological system in a mild way that would not affect the unborn child. Trientine can also be highly effective in treating copper toxicity, while protecting the expectant mothers and her unborn child’s life (Walshe, 129). Some of the measures which health experts would take are a screening test falsification ring assessment and ceruloplasmin serum copper assays. The test relies on a liver biopsy using quantitative copper assays. Immediately a pregnant woman is diagnosed with such symptoms the siblings might be genotyped via making comparison. Medical practitioners advocate for proper use of anti copper therapy. Anti –copper drugs widely used include Trientine, zinc and tetrathiomolybdate. Penicillamine is often administered to pregnant women. Despite its toxicity, it is proven to be the best. Trientine is alternatively used to people who not tolerate Penicillamine and the body responds better notably there is lower quantity of urine copper, which gently reduces to insignificant levels (Schilsky and Scott, 214). In reality, compliance with the recommended therapy and close monitoring of the copper status are the most beneficial practices that patients should observe during treatment. Similarly, the most effectively monitoring tool is used non-ceruloplasmin plasma copper though it also has some side effects; their frequency and impact are minimal. In addition, the neurological worsening especially in the patients using Trientine for the first time is less severe as in Penicillamine. Zinc, it is extremely vital for the maintenance of the therapy. It reduces mettallothionein in the cells. When using copper, urinary secretion of harmful copper is similar to the normal body loading system (Schilsky and Scott, 220). Tetrathiomolybdate, is also used to eliminate copper out of the body, it forms a complex tripartite of

Defining Abnormality - Towards a definition Essay Example for Free

Defining Abnormality Towards a definition Essay The statistical approach is based on the idea that certain behaviours are statistically rare in the population. If you measure any type of human behaviour you should find that people with varying degrees of the behaviour are normally distributed around the mean. For example there are a lot of people who are of average height but few people who are very small. If we plot a graph of for example IQ scores, It is bell shaped. The majority of individuals are clustered around the mean (the curves highest point). The further you go away from the mean, the fewer people there are. Problems Desirability-some statistically infrequent behaviours, e.g. being a genius are desirable. Cut-off point-who decides at what point you are to be considered abnormal? Statistical Definitions-The Same standards or norms are not relevant to all social groups/ ages/cultures for example in terms of anxiety. Children have more irrational fears than adults. Deviation from social norms Social norms are behaviours that are desirable for both the individual and society as a whole. Deviance from social norms is both undesirable and abnormal. Most mentally Ill people do behave in a socially deviant way but this doesnt mean that you can base clinical abnormality on this theory alone. Moral standards-social norms change over time and basing mental illness on deviation from social norms is dangerous. Context-for example, wearing few items of clothing on the beach is acceptable, on the high street it is not. Sub Cultures-for example in the Mormon religion it is acceptable to have several wives. In England that is a crime called bigamy Good/Bad-in some certain circumstances being socially deviant is a good thing for example in Nazi Germany people who were opposed to Nazism were socially deviant. Collectivistic cultures-cultures which emphasise the greater good of the community rather than focusing on individual achievement would not find the first three characteristics relevant. Difficult-most people would have difficulty fitting all these criteria at most times in their lives. Cultural relativism A limitation to all ways of defining abnormality is that no definition is relevant to all cultures. Also cultures definitions change over time. For example Homosexuality was considered to be a mental disease till the 80s.

Celebrities And Human Obsessions Media Essay

Celebrities And Human Obsessions Media Essay Have you ever had favorite superstars as idols in mind that you dream to become just like them? The more we visualize ourselves as a celebrity, the more obsessions we have. We all enjoy hearing the latest celebrity gossip from time to time. Who doesnt enjoy hearing about the hottest celebrity wedding of the year or the worst celebrity makeover? What do you think about these topics on the news headlines? Jessica Lowndes wears a see-through dress. For Jakey, probably., Sparkles wants to start a family. Awà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, Pillow-fight! Hailee Steinfeld, etc play around in Vogue (The Gossip Wire). Media has been following a lot of celebrity actions and spread it in the public. The causes of having too much media attention towards celebrities could lead to negative effects of being bad examples for audiences, wasting peoples times, and interfering with celebritys privacy, and lead to positive effects of giving people an opportunity to be famous, providing benefits for media organizations, and being good examples for audiences. Have you ever wondered why people are so into celebrities? Have you ever thought of why it is that we spend our times studying celebrities bibliography and possibly their every action? According to Jake Halpern, the author of the book, Fame Junkies: The Hidden Truths Behind Americas Favorite Addiction. Kids see fame as a cure-all for problems, he said (Gilsdorf, The Christian Science Monitor). Secondly, it is because celebrities are always there wherever people go, on Television, newspaper, magazines on sidewalks, or even posters in restrooms. According to Star Struck New Internationalist, Celebrity worship syndrome (CWS) is an obsessive-addictive disorder in which a person becomes overly involved with the details of a celebritys personal life. Celebrities worship syndrome is consisted of three types. Entertainment-social is when people are attracted to their stars for entertainment, such as I like watching and hearing about my favorite celebrity when I am with a large group of peopl e. Intense-personal is when fans feel attracted to celebrities with an deep feeling or bonds themselves to stars such as When something bad happens to my favorite celebrity I feel like it happened to me , and borderline-pathological, which is when fans mix fantasies with realities and lead to an uncontrollable behavior such as I have frequent thoughts about my favorite celebrity, even when I dont want to (Maltby, 1157-1172). First of all, too much media attention on celebrities could give bad examples for audiences. Not all celebrities act and behave appropriately despite of them being observed by the media therefore it is then possible that celebrity fans, especially kids who do not have much life experiences would absorb and follow those inappropriate actions and behaviors. For instance, partying is one of the very well known lifestyle that celebrities have. Paris Hilton a very popular celebrity that almost everyone would notice the name, not only because of her works, but also because of her personality and social behavior. Apart from the partying lifestyle, celebrities are also easily exposed to drugs. Some use drugs to help them maintain their work efficiency, to gain fame, or even to stay in shape. Also, celebrities generally possess a great amount of financial resources to support their will just to purchase anything they would like. According to Daily Mail Reporter, Britney Spears spends  £11,000 monthly to stay in shape and look good, including the costs for nutrition, personal trainer, and a private dance choreographer (Daily Mail Reporter, Mail Online). Moreover, the incident when Michael Jackson committed suicide led to twelve deaths of his fans who died from committing suicide following their favorite star. According to The Sun News, one of Michael Jacksons fans named Pà ¡vel Talalà ¡yev was found and rescued from his attempt to commit suicide several hours after the news of Michael Jackson committing suicide broke out. One of the ambulance men said: He was in a terrible state and kept on saying: Its all the same to me. Im going to kill myself. Its the worst tragedy of my life and I dont want to live any more. I dont know why you saved my life, I want to be with him. (Soodin, The Sun) These inappropriate behaviors could then mislead her fans toward downward paths of living. Having celebrity worship syndrome could lead to unhealthy and unsteady mindsets. Celebrities are considered to live in a world that very few can hope to emulate. This then sometimes drives celebrity worshipping kids to feel like their own individual personalities are worthless because these kids could potentially form and develop unrealistic expectations in their minds about becoming a celebrity. Additionally, there are celebrities who became popular without using much of a specific requirement in recent days. However, these kids often realize the very unlikely possibility once they mature and finally cause them become to be lost and unhappy. Secondly, another negative effect is that people waste too much times once media gives out too much attention to celebrities. When media focuses too much on the celebrity headlines, people tend to overlook the important information needed in their lives. According to a new Rasmussen Reports national telephone survey, 87% of American Adults admit that Americans pay  too much attention to celebrity news and not enough attention to news that has real impact on their lives (Rasmussen, Rasmussen Reportsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢). Imagine when the news paper headlines are filled with celebrity topic headlines and the news of stock market are put in a very small column of the newspaper that people hardly recognize. This has happened countless of times especially in newspaper, and it distracts people from the reality of their lives and causes their works to suffer. Elizabeth Farrar, a teacher from a primary school in Scunthorpe in the United Kingdom, said that too many pupils thought that they could become successful in the future by spending times trying to be famous and wealthy via media and that it would be unnecessary to have an academic success. They believe that they are much more likely to achieve financial well-being through celebrity than through progression to higher education and a proper career. (BBC News). Thirdly, keeping eyes on the celebrities is also interference to them. Everyone has the right to have secrets in their lives and keep in their minds, including celebrities. However, celebrities usually have to live their lives with public eyes targeting at them almost all the time. According to an interview with Jessica Biel on a question on how it is like to live in a public eyes Its wonderful to do what I do, but everything that goes with it? Its bizarre. She said, The invasion of privacy is very tough. I am followed all day, every day. Going to the dentist, the cleaners. I guess I could look like sh-t giong to the dentist, but only if I didnt care what I saw in the papers. ( OK! Magazine). Being celebrities would loose the time and opportunity to being herself because they all have to be concerned about how their appearances, choices of words and actions all the time because the media only focus on drawing their spectators and increase their revenue. In such competitive environmen t, celebrities normally would have to live with a lot of stress, and with an addition of paparazzi, press media, and all the public opinions which would become a workload of stress for these stars. Moreover, these media could also impact the celebrities by putting pressures on them to change themselves to be something that people would want to see. For example, Emma Watson, a very well known actor as Hermione in Harry Potter, said that stylists had been trying to put her in mini-skirts to make her look sexy. If I do a photo-shoot people desperately want to change me dye my hair blonder, pluck my eyebrows, give me a fringe. She said, Then theres the choice of clothes. I know everyone wants a picture of me in a mini-skirt. But thats not me. I feel uncomfortable. Id never go out in a mini-skirt. Its nothing to do with protecting the Hermione image. I wouldnt do that. (Sutrathada, The Celebrity Cafe). It can be seen that by putting too much attentions on celebrities could lead to many negative effects. However, sometimes these media sources could give out positive feedbacks to many in the society as well. Firstly, people could have more opportunity of becoming famous from media, rumors, and scandals. Many people try to or were put in a certain circumstance that creates rumors or stories throughout the media and allow them to eventually become well known in the public. For instance, Paris Hilton was originally known as a great-granddaughter of a billionaire Conrad Hilton, the founder of Hilton Hotel, one of the most famous hotels in the world. Then there was a sex tape of Paris Hilton, 1 Night in Paris pornography film released into the media in 2004. This sex tape was one of the top gossip topics of the year, but ended up boosting her fame to become one of the celebrity stars (Morgan, Associated Content). People with talents might also find the surging of media industry as an opportunity to become famous. With a modern technology in the current world, media has become so easily accessible for people including video channels on internet like Youtube and Myspace. Justin Drew Bieber, a v ery popular Canadian singer and actor have become one of the most well known celebrities by uploading his recorded singing performances on Youtube. His popularity on the site kept growing larger and larger until Scooter Braun, an American manager found Justins videos on the site (Dutta, Buzzle Web Portal). This then allowed Justin Bieber to get an opportunity to become a singer and eventually a very famous celebrity. It could be seen that people could become celebrities by using media as a tool that allows them to be well known and eventually a celebrity. Secondly, media organization could also gain benefits from mass producing media relating to celebrities. In yearly basis, media organizations that are based on celebrities, such as celebrity magazine industries could gain large amount of incomes from people. For instance, According to Marketwire in 2006 People Magazine had a circulation of 3.73 million and its revenue was expected to top $1.5 billion on that year (Marketwire). The more celebrity news spread throughout the world, the more money the media would be able to raise because many people have got a celebrity worship syndrome. Thirdly, the media could spread the messages of generous works that celebrities committed to the world as an example for people. Generally celebrities have always been seen as an ideal for people, especially teenagers and kids and set an example for them with their characteristics of being hard workers, diligent, and all good actions they committed like charity involvements. Media then becomes the source to provide these good deeds that celebrities commit throughout their careers via different channel communications; televisions, newspapers, magazines, and etc. This allows the good messages to be sent to an audience and therefore gives out positive effects to the society. For instance, Samuel Dalembert, currently a NBA basketball player of Sacramento Kings in the United States tried his best to give out and provide supports for his hometown Haiti from the chaotic incident that happened in January 2010. Look at me, Im living in a beautiful place. Im blessed to be doing this. But a par t of me said, You can help; you can do more,' he said. He has committed at least $2 millions to donate for Haiti, and since he is a famous basketball player in the United States (Tomasson, AOL News), his fames would provoke the media to take recognition, and automatically spread the news of his actions throughout the world via media, and that people can see his actions. Not only basketball players commit themselves to charity, super stars like Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt also established their own charity organization named Jolie-Pitt Foundation. The Foundation was established in 2006, and the purpose of the organization is to aid people throughout the world. According to Look to the Stars, Jolie-Pitt Foundation has provided aids to people whose lives are in trouble, whether the cases of violences, armed conflict, health care, and many more in nearly 60 countries (Look to the Stars). These good deeds that the celebrities comitted are spread throughout the world through medias, and could  ­motivate people to follow them as examples to help the society. In conclusion, the impact media focusing too much attention on celebrities could have both negative and positive effects. Some audiences waste their times becoming addicted and obsessed with what media is trying to inform about their favorite celebrities, and some celebrities are facing hard time being threatened by media. On the other hand, some people can see an opportunity of becoming a celebrity by using the media, media can also gain some benefits from celebrities, and some celebrities are being a good example for the audiences. While some of their behaviors are not appropriate for audiences, personally I think that there is nothing wrong with consuming media, but all audiences have to be careful not to get too obsessed with them and consider what the media is trying to inform because part of it might contain inappropriate information. Therefore, I think it is crucial to be aware of the contents and messages that the media provides, follow the behaviors of the good celebrities, then learn and stay away from the inappropriate actions.