Prose Appreciation “The Fly” By Katherine Mansfield Essay

â€Å"The Fly† by Katherine Mansfield is a short story which focuses on the trials and tribulations faced by those who lost relatives in World War One. Many who lost family and friends in the war struggled for years with grief, while others accepted the shortcomings and managed to overcome it. Everyone faced their own challenges, and everyone overcame them different ways, or in some cases not at all. Katherine Mansfield is one of many people who lost relatives in the war. She herself lost her brother in WW1 like Mr. Woodifield and the boss did. She wrote this story because she felt like she was a victim of helplessness and darkness, struggling with grief and also struggling with the Tuberculosis treatment she was going through at the time. This relates to the story because the boss felt like he was on his own after the death of his son, â€Å"Ever since his birth the boss had worked at building up this business for him; it had no other meaning if it was not for the boy.† He felt like he had no reason to do anything, like he was helpless and in the dark. The theme ‘time is a great healer’ fits these thoughts, because no matter what the boss might think, over time he is slowly getting over the death of his son even though he said â€Å"Time, he declared then, he had told everybody, could make no difference.† Six years have passed since the death of their sons, and Mr. Woodifield has overcome his grief, and has forgotten about his son, needing the help of whisky to remember that his daughters visited his grave. The boss however, believes that he is still wrought with grief, when in fact he has overcome it. He can no longer cry when his son is mentioned, and he can no longer use the photograph on the wall to force the emotions of grief on him. He forgets about his son, and that indicates that perhaps he is over his grief more than he would like to think. Time has healed him, and made it so he can no longer grieve as he used to. Mr. Woodifield is the one who forces the boss to come to terms with his feelings. He is si mply visiting his old friend and employer, when he recalls that he had something to tell him, however he could not remember what it was. Feeling pity for the man who is â€Å"on his last pins,† the boss offers him a drink of whisky to help recall his memories, which Mr. Woodifield is successful in doing. However the memories are not pleasant ones for the boss. Mr. Woodifield informs him that his daughters went to  visit his son Reggie’s grave, and happened to see the boss’ son there. They remark that the graves are well-kept and very nice. This brings up memories that the boss didn’t want to remember, and as soon as Mr. Woodifield had left, he asks his messenger to let no one bother him for a half hour. During this time the boss attempts to recall his feelings of grief for his son, and failing to do that he turns to the photograph, hoping that will help. A fly however falls into his inkwell and forces his attention towards it, coincidentally making him once again forget his son. He focuses on the fly and helps it out, then watching as it cleans itself. He decides that he will test the fly , and proceeds to drop ink onto it. On the fourth drop the fly gives in, and the boss throws it away, just as he did with his memories of his son, which â€Å"For the life of him he could not remember.† Similes play a part in making the reader understand the story. For example when describing Mr. Woodifield using the simile â€Å"He peered out of the great, green leather arm-chair by his friend, the boss’s desk, as a baby peers out of its pram,† gives you the impression that Mr. Woodifield is perhaps getting on in age, and yet is still curious about everything that goes on around him. Another example is when Katherine talks about grief saying â€Å"we cling to our last pleasures as the tree clings to its last leaves,† meaning that the boss refused to let go of the grief, even though subconsciously he had already done so. The use of the metaphor â€Å"The day had come when Macey had handed him the telegram that brought the whole place crashing about his head,† forces the reader to imag ine the boss’ feelings and reaction when he got the news about his son. He was devastated, and the metaphor used really enforces the point. To further enforce the point of devastation and grief, imagery is used. The two major ones are the fly and the boss himself, however there is also the photograph on the wall. The boss represents all those who have lost someone in the terrible war, yet they kept a faà §ade of being strong, and being the leader when in public, and when in private they were grieving their loved ones. He is a symbol of authority and power, keeping control when needed. The fly symbolizes those who lost their lives in the war. The young men who were shipped off to fight for their country, and who were getting more and more worn out the more years the war went on for. It symbolizes the constant struggle they had to deal with, and eventually they couldn’t handle it no more. Eventually the last inkblot killed the fly, just  as the last year of war killed a lot of the remaining young men and their innocence. The photo, while not mentioned as much, represents the innocence the young men had, and then lost in their first year of war. The things they had to do and see robbed them of the boyish innocence they went in with. â€Å"The expression was unnatural. It was cold, even stern-looking.† They all were changed by the horrendous happenings that they had to bear witness too. Overall this story sends out a message that everyone has their own way to grieve and everyone will spend different amounts of time doing so. Eventually however time will heal even the worst feelings of grief, and that is why I liked this story. It shows that no matter what things will get better one day. Things will get better, even if you don’t believe it ever will. Others should read this story, because at some time in their lives, they will have to face a challenge, and this story will remind them that time will help. They won’t overcome it straight away, but with time, they will get better. Just like Mr. Woodifield, and even the boss did.

Mid Semester exam

It's not a noise that you usually hear coming from a hospital room. â€Å"Ha ha ha! He heel† You open the door to see twelve patients – all sick, several in wheelchairs – tickling each other with long balloons and laughing as hard as it's possible to laugh. Joining in with the fun is Dry Tim Crick, and this is his weekly session of laughter therapy at Leeds City Hospital. The aim of these 30-minute sessions is not only to help patients forget that they are sick, according to Dry Crick: â€Å"Laughter gives the lungs and the muscles a good workout, which Is Important In long-term patients.But more than this. I believe that laughter can actually speed up recuperation from sickness. † Laughter therapy's recent history begins in the asses, when writer Norman Cousins described in Anatomy of an Illness how he used comedy films to successfully give himself some relief from a painful medical condition. This promoted academics to begin looking at the physiological effects of laughter. The spread of therapeutic â€Å"laughter clubs† began In India In the asses with Dry Madman Astral, who began taking patients for sessions In a public park.So Is there any science behind the claims that laughter speeds recovery? Certainly, it triggers a range of reactions in the body. Some studies have shown that the ability to use and respond to humor may raise the level of infection-fighting antibodies, and boost the level of immune cells. A recent study with diabetics showed that laughter helped control blood sugar levels. And research at the University of Maryland showed that laughter helped blood flow by keeping blood vessels relaxed.For Dry Crick, It is In laughter's ability to relax s that Its healing power lies. After a good laugh. Our muscles relax. Our mind stops focusing on pain or negative thoughts, and endorphins start to flow in our brains. It puts the body in a situation where it can begin to heal itself. When we are healthy we can achieve this state through physical exercise, social contact, and on- things that are more difficult when you are n hospital. Laughter, in the same way as music, can bring relaxation into the wards. While many are doubtful about the scientific basis of laughter therapy, It would be Impossible for even the most extreme septic to watch these helve patients In Leeds laugh until tears run down their faces without thinking, â€Å"this is doing them good. † Questions: 1- Read the text and answer the following questions: 1. In what two ways is laughter good for patients, according to Dry Tim Crick? Laughter therapy session held? † 3. Why might laughter help diabetics? Ã'› 2. Where were the 1st 4. How does laughter help fight infections, according to some studies? 2- Match the highlighted words In the text with the meanings below: a.Designed to effect that you are trying to achieve: c Makes something begin to happen: † 3- Fill in the blanks with the comparative or superlative f orms of the adjectives: a. Aspirin is (strong) painkiller we've got, I'm afraid. B. Can I do anything to make you feel (well) ? C. Moving around is getting (hard) to do. D. Injection is (fast) way to administer pain relief. E. He is (weak) † he was yesterday. F. For children, thinking about the injection is (frightening) the pain itself. 4- Complete the questions in the dialogue: Nurse: When did the symptoms first appear? Patient: About a year.Nurse: Why (you/not come) to see me? Patient: At the time I wasn't very worried. Nurse: And (the symptoms/ get worse) † 7 Patient: Yes, they started to get worse about a month ago. Nurse: I see, and (you/ take) any medication since then? Patient: I went to see a homeopath and he prescribed these pills. Nurse: I see. (You/ your mouth wide and say â€Å"ah†? – Ah. Nurse: Good, can open) † and (what/ happen) when you took the pills? Patient: This rash appeared. (You/ can see) it on my back? Nurse: Yes, I see. SO, ( there was) any improvement when you took the pills? Patient: No

Bull Run (The Battle of 1st Manassas)

Bull Run (The Battle of 1st Manassas) Essay The first major battle of the Civil War was fought in Virginia, near the Manassas, Virginia railway junction. The armies in this first battle were not very large by later Civil War standards. The Federal forces under Brigadier General Irvin McDowell were organized into four divisions of about 30,000 men. These divisions were commanded by Tyler, Hunter, Heintzelman, and Miles. The Confederate command structure was somewhat more stable, including two armies, with no division structure and thirteen independent brigades under Bonham, Ewell, Jones, Early, Jackson, Smith, Bartow, and a cavalry brigade under Stuart. The Confederate Army of the Potomac was under the command of Brigadier General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, and the Army of the Shenandoah was commanded by Brigadier General Joseph Johnston. These two forces would equal McDowells Strength.One thing that was odd was that each commander had planned to initiate an attack on the other side with an attack on the enemys right flank and a massed attack on the opposite flank. Had this been done at the same time, and both been successful in their purpose, the two armies would have pivoted around each other ending up in each others rear, able to march unopposed to Washington or Richmond. McDowell had planned to use Tylers division as the diversionary attack at the Stone Bridge, while Davies brigade did the same at Blackburns Ford. At the same time, Hunters and Heintzelmans divisions would cross Bull Run at Sudley Springs and attack from the north. McDowells troops involved in the flanking column, reached their jumping off positions two and a half hours behind schedule. Tylers and Davies attacks at the Stone Bridge and Blackburns Ford were already well under way, and the Confederate high command was beginning to sense an advantage because the Union attacks were not pressed very hard. When Beauregard was notified that Federal troops were massing on his left flank, he realized that this must be the main attack so began to shift his own troop dispositions. The Federals had about 18,000 men in the main attack column and it was only thanks to the quick reactions of Colonel Shank Evans and his small brigade that Beauregard did not suffer a major disaster. He quickly moved his small force to Matthews Hill to block the Federal move. Sounds of the fighting drew other brigade commanders to Evans aid on their own initiative. Brigadier General Barnard Bee and Colonel Bartow joined Evans defensive line and deployed their men to his right to extend and strengthen it. The Confederate position was still badly outnumbered however, and eventually the weight of those numbers began to be felt. With Tylers division threatening the right flank and rear of the Confederate position after having forced a crossing at the Stone Bridge, and their left flank now being overlapped by Federal reinforcements, the three Confederate brigades broke to the rear, heading toward the cleared plateau of the Henry House Hill. Unfortunately for the Federals, they were slow to follow-up their success and allowed the Southern brigade commanders to rally the remnants of their units behind Jacksons brigade which had just arrived and formed a line of battle on the reverse slope of Henry House Hill. In the meantime, McDowell ordered two artillery batteries to advance to silence the defensive fire. Ricketts Battery and Griffins Battery advanced to well within musket range of the Confederate positions near the crest of the hill. These batteries were counterattacked by Confederate infantry and overrun. The loss of the guns became a focal point for back and forth attacks and counterattacks by each side, with the possession of the guns changing hands several times. Finally having accumulated enough units to not only stabilize the Confederate lines, but also overlap the right flank of the Federal lines, the order was given for a general advance by Beauregard. This attack caved-in the Federal right and what began as a fairly orderly retreat turned into a disorganized rout. The equally tired and inexperienced Confederates however, were in no shape to conduct an effective pursuit, so the battle ended. READ: Restaurant Business Essay The Federals lost about 3,000 casualties (killed, wounded, and captured or missing), and the Confederates suffered about 2,000.

Poor Nations Are Poor Because the First World Is Rich Essay

Poor Nations Are Poor Because the First World Is Rich - Essay Example Examples of such countries that have undergone such natural disasters include Haiti and Indonesia. On July 6th and 7th Hurricane Dennis touched the south-east coast of Haiti causing devastating damage that cost about $4 billion USD. For a country like Haiti that was a big economic blow. However, it is the poor countries who allow the exploitation to take place. Consequently, they re partly to blame. However, exploitation of the poor countries contribute to their impoverished states. Another contributing factor is the issue of slavery. Although slavery was abolished more than a hundred and forty years ago, most of the third world countries have been and still are on the receiving end of this practice. While rich first world countries spent most of their time acquiring wealth and building their superior economies, most of the poor nation's citizens had not gained their freedom. Africa for example has some of the poorest and youngest nations in the world with most of their early years s pent being ruled by their colonial masters, most of which are the first world countries (Myers, 2004). In the present day there is also the emergence of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a practice whereby an individual is tricked or coerced into forced labor. The person is then used as a sex slave or for labor. Most victims of human trafficking come from third world countries and are often poor, gullible and uneducated. This continual loss of people through slavery and human trafficking has an adverse effect on the growth of these third world countries (Starr, 2003). However, slavery was facilitated by the natives of the poor countries. Consequently, the blame cannot be squarely put on the developed countries alone. However, this vice continues to contribute to the state of... This paper approves that while rich first world countries spent most of their time acquiring wealth and building their superior economies, most of the poor nation's citizens had not gained their freedom. Africa for example has some of the poorest and youngest nations in the world with most of their early years spent being ruled by their colonial masters, most of which are the first world countries. In the present day there is also the emergence of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a practice whereby an individual is tricked or coerced into forced labor. The person is then used as a sex slave or for labor. Most victims of human trafficking come from third world countries and are often poor, gullible and uneducated. This paper makes a conclusion that first world countries have been the main set back as far as a development is concerned in the third world nation. Some measures have been put in place to ensure industrialization in the developed world does not limit developing nation’s capacities. For instance, environmental international laws require that each country should not exceed a certain amount or rate of polluting gases to the atmosphere. Developed countries should unite so they operate as a single block, as experienced in Europe and United Kingdom. Such unity will enable improved international trade between the countries, other than depending on export and import trade with Western, developed nations. Such unity is also likely to improve their currency strengths.

Ratio analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ratio analysis - Coursework Example This difference could have been caused by a reduction in expenses including operating and financing expenses. ROCE also increased from 25.03% to 32.18% which shows a difference of 7.15%. This difference could be due to efficient utilization of assets to produce income and effective asset management. Liquidity of the company can be assessed using current ratio and quick ratio. Current ratio measures the number of times that current liabilities can be financed by current assets before they are exhausted (Pollitt, 2001). Quick ratio measures how current liabilities can be measured by more liquid assets before they are exhausted. The current ratio of Youngs increased from 1.37 in 2013 to 1.48 in 2014. This means that the company was able to meet its obligations faster in 2013 than 2013, i.e. it was able to meet its financial obligations easier in 2014 than 2013. The quick ratio of the company also increased from 0.36 in 2013 to 0.43 in 2014. Therefore, the company was more liquid in 2013 than 2014. This liquidity could be due to effective cash management in the company. Efficiency of Youngs can be determined by inventory turnover and total asset turnover. The inventory or stock turnover measures the number of times that stock is turned into sales in a year (Fridson & Alvarez, 2002). Total asset turnover measures the amount of sales generated by the sale of a single unit of the total assets. The total asset turnover of Youngs was 2.11 in 2013 and 2.09 in 2014. This means that a single unit of asset was used to generate 2.11 units of sales in 2013 and 2.09 units of sales in 2014. However, the difference between the inventory turnovers in the two years was -0.02 which is a negative figure. It could be because the company acquired more assets and failed to utilize the new assets efficiently to generate more sales. The company also had an inventory turnover of 6.85 in 2013 and 6.88 in 2014. This indicates that the company turned its stock

Loose-leaf for Essentials of Life-Span Development Research Paper

Loose-leaf for Essentials of Life-Span Development - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the best way the Garcia parents can solve this impasse is by using authoritative parenting. The fact that authoritative parenting is more lenient compared to the authoritarian model of parenting necessities the consideration of the Garcia parents. This is because, the main beneficiaries of parenting, Kerry and Timothy are still young. Timothy, in this case, has a desire to copy his parents and to create gaming situations. Unlike the authoritarian model which is emphatic on the following of rules and regulations and the meting out of punishment, the authoritative model is more lenient and readily amenable to administrative and democratic styles of training and leadership. It is a fact that Timothy, in this case, is too young to appreciate the import of punishment and regulations. In a closely related wavelength, it is true that the authoritarian model of parenting may not auger well with Timothy’s emotional and intellectual develop ment. It is at this time that children become more inquisitive and ask many questions. At this stage, the leniency of the authoritative model will Timothy acquire more knowledge from Patricia and Michael Garcia. It is at Timothy’s stage that he is bound to resolve his struggle with the Oedipal complex with learning and accepting the social role identification which the society assigns. Should natural desires and goals overwhelm or frustrate timothy, Timothy will become predisposed to guilt feelings. Again, it is important to remember that it is at this stage where Timothy’s most important relationship is with the Garcias, his basic family. This may demand that Patricia and Michael make readjustments on their work schedules which will help them be present during Timothy’s development.

Fainel exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fainel exam - Essay Example It is a house built of wood and it stands out as a brow house ext to a wall made of stones. Textures and window is a painting in a natural setting. It is a window which is next to a garden something common in most homes. It is presented in a very natural way using ordinary colors to make the painting familiar to the viewer. Antiquities angel is a painting reflecting the face of an antiquity shop. The different forms of antiquities one can find in such shops such as drum gives the painting its identity. Conclusively, Elizabeth Ann has stated that her work shows fragmented reality. She is inspired by music, sound, pieces and bits of manmade and natural forms of nature. With the use of light, color, and shadow she forms her paintings to represent nature around her. Use of logic in a dream world makes her paintings unique and exceptional. Gathering images from the real world, and putting them together in creative ways has ensured that her work is relevant in the modern contemporary

Dental statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Dental statistics - Essay Example In other words, the given mean is calculated from the whole population and the other one is from a sample. Yes, increase in sample size will affect the mean value and it will produce a different result from the result which is calculated from sample size of 30 20-year-old dental students. In fact more accurate results can be obtained by increasing the sample size because more cases are under consideration by increasing sample size. Changes in sample size produce different result because frequencies corresponding to different values of variable (missing teeth) change by changing the sample size. For example if we consider a sample of 35 20-year-old dental students and their frequency distribution is given as; So, it is clear from the above example, if we change the sample size the value of mean also changes. The mean value of sample of 35 is more accurate than the mean value of sample size of 30. Similarly, the standard deviation of later is also less which means that the value of variable in the data of large size is cluster near the sample mean. A survey was conducted to determine the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth of 20 year old dental students in a particularly country. It was not possible to check out all the 20 year old dental students of a country therefore, a group of 30 students of age 20 years was taken from the population and observed. It was observed that the student took number of missing teeth from 0 to 12. The mean value calculated from the observed values is 5.967; it means that most of the students in the sample have 6 decayed, missing and filled teeth. With the help of mean and frequencies standard deviation has also been calculated which gives an idea of dispersion of number of missing teeth from 6. The standard deviation is 3.05 which reflect that there is less dispersion in the data. In other words, that number of missing teeth of students in the sample size of 30 has

Personal world views Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal world views - Essay Example In so doing, followers obligate themselves to follow specific tenets as dictated by the religion. Following these tenets requires dedication and sacrifice. Spiritual people are loyal to the religious beliefs and follow them without questions about their reality. Spirituality is related to other terms such as pluralism, scientism, and postmodernism. Pluralism is a concept that denotes that there is no absolute truth in one line of thought. Essentially, pluralism implies that no worldview is enough to describe solely all the views of the people. In this regard, pluralism requires that every view be taken into consideration. Pluralism is common in government and religion. In religion, pluralism has it that no religion is taken as perfect or the sole source of truth. It should be understood that other beliefs may also contain some truths that may not be accurate in other beliefs. Thus, individual spirituality defines what is true or not. Scientism is a belief that human beings can find answers to all life questions through scientific research. Scientism asserts that there is no supreme being that can offer real solutions that can be proven. This worldview eliminates the religious or spiritual beliefs since they are not concrete or backed by evidence. It is upon research that points can be proven or disqualified. Scientism is more related to the concept of postmodernism as discussed below. Postmodernism is a concept that critiques the existing culture, believe and evidence systems. Postmodernism viewpoints are that human beings are not capable of making assertions regarding their origin or fate (Fukuyama et. al, 2014). The postmodern worldview disregards spirituality. In addition, the worldview stipulates that humans have locked themselves in a cage of beliefs and culture that may not be true or beneficial. The spirituality concept defines how people perceive the world around them and how they solve the day to

Salem Witch Trials Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Salem Witch Trials - Research Paper Example During the seventeenth century, in accordance to British laws, colonists, who had been discovered to work with the devil or practice witchcraft, were considered as committing a felony.3 The first arrest for the alleged witches happened on February 29, 1692. The trials ended on October 29, 1692, after nineteen people were hanged and around 156 people were imprisoned.4 This paper describes the developments leading to the Salem Witch Trials. It provides a brief history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the events during the trials, as well as key personalities. It will also discuss what historians and researchers think are the reasons for the Salem Witch trials. They range from the feminist and economic analyses. They believed that the Salem Witch Trials is a product of public hysteria, the economic manipulation of the ministers, bitter and unresolved local conflicts, Puritan theocracy, and the influence of cultural stereotypes regarding witches. Brief History of Salem Village In 160 9, Henry Hudson led the exploration of Massachusetts Bay. In 1620, pilgrims arrived on the Mayflower and created Plymouth. Six years afterwards, the Naumkeag Indians lived at numerous sites in Massachusetts. In addition, Roger Conant made Salem a trading post. In 1620, settlers wanted to â€Å"purify† the Calvinist Church and established strong Puritan beliefs and practices. The Massachusetts Bay Company formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony.5 A royal charter provided them the right to manage the Massachusetts Bay Colony. John Endecott soon started the first plantation in Salem.6 One year after, John Winthrop was appointed as the new governor and travelled to Massachusetts. In 1638, a small group of Puritans settled at what was then called as Salem Village. Throughout the pre-1692 period, before the witchcraft trials commenced, conflict developed in Massachusetts. Roach stressed: [t]he Salem witchcraft trials erupted during an eight-year war [King William’s War] while Ma ssachusetts steered an unauthorized government with a nearly empty treasury through the hazards of French imperialism, Algonquin resentment, and English suspicion.7 The charter government increased the colonists’ unconstructive attitude toward civil authority.8 The villagers did not appreciate the double layer of authority imposed on them. In 1672, Salem Village was provided the authority to start a parish, hire a minister, and collect taxes for community projects. They created the Salem Village Parish and selected Samuel Parris to be their minister. In January 1692, the child and niece of Reverend Samuel Parris showed a bizarre form of sickness. His nine-year old daughter, Betty, and his niece, eleven-year-old Abigail Williams hid under chairs, contorted their bodies, lashed out their tongues, and spoke in outlandish languages.9 Without a physical explanation, Griggs stressed that the girls were bewitched. In February of the same year, Magistrates Jonathan Hathorne and Jonat han Corwin â€Å"examined† the witnesses.10 In May, Governor William Phipps created the Special Court of Oyer and Terminer to â€Å"hear and determine† the witch cases.11 Several months after that, nineteen of the accused were hanged, while hundreds were detained. The Events and Personalities of the Salem Witch Trials After what happened to the girls of the Parris’

Development of a Home Messaging and Communication System Essay Example for Free

Development of a Home Messaging and Communication System Essay This is group coursework. Groups should have between 3 to 5 people. Do only one of the assignments described below. Read everything before you decide which to tackle. Assignment 1 Home Messaging System Many people live in a house or flat with others. People may live fairly independently with different interests and routines, or they may be more closely involved with each others’ lives. Whichever is the case, they will probably need to coordinate their activities with each other. They may benefit from ways of recording and sharing reminders about events such as appointments or significant dates. They may need ways to record and coordinate over tasks such as chores around the place. They may benefit from ways of indicating problems, requests for information or action, ways just saying â€Å"hello† and ‘greasing the wheels’ of communal living, or even ways of addressing conflicts if they occur. The messages people currently leave for each other can take many forms. They may use Post-its, whiteboards, pinboards or other surfaces that can be written on. The practices of information sharing may evolve over many years and are often designed to fit carefully into peoples’ lives. However, written messages may have disadvantages: they tend to be static and not easily updated; they also are fixed in one location, whereas people are mobile and may need access to notes and messages even when they aren’t at the location where the message was created. Coursework Instructions Research, prototype and evaluate a digital Home Messaging device or system that people in a house or flat can use to share the kinds of information they need to coordinate activities with one another and enable good, happy social relations. The details of what they can do will depend on what you find out by doing some user-research. The system you develop should have an interface within a shared space, but may also work in coordination with devices at other locations. Assignment 2 Mobile Museum or Art Gallery System Museums and art galleries make an important contribution to our cultural landscape. A visit to a museum or art gallery can happen for many reasons. People may want to learn, be reflective, to be entertained or to have a fun day out with friends and family. People may have a deep interest in what they will see there or they may just want something to do on a rainy afternoon. Image by EmilySuran (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons Digital technology can provide opportunities for enhancing these experiences in a number of ways. They may offer information before a visit. During a visit users might want information or to communicate in some way. Mobile devices can be location-aware. For example, this can be done using QR codes. A QR (Quick Response) code (see image below) is a matrix barcode which can be scanned by a device fitted with a camera (such as a smart phone). A user could scan a code next to an exhibit to launch some location-based service. And after the visit there may be some follow-up activities, perhaps using information about what interested them. A QR code Coursework Instructions Research, prototype and evaluate a system that could be used by people to enhance their experiences in museums and/or art galleries in some way. The service could provide information and/or enhance shared experiences. It could help them learn or make things fun. The system could integrate with a web-based system to allow people to do things before or after a trip. Again, the details of will depend on what you find out by doing some user-research. General Instructions Whichever project you do it must involve the following major activities: 1. user-research 2. prototyping 3. evaluation 4. prototype revision In other words, follow an iterative design approach. Each step should inform the next. It should be clear how the research has informed the design, and how the evaluation has informed the revised design. As an alternative to traditional user-research methods you might like to try auto ethnography. Auto ethnography is an approach which seeks to describe and systematically analyse personal experience. If you do this you will be graded on the methods you use to acquire and analyse useful experiences and the quality of the insights that this gives you. For any activity that involves human participants you must complete a Middlesex University School of Engineering and Information Sciences Research Consent (Form C) and a Declaration Form and Ethical Approval Request (Form D). Have your consent form approved by your tutor before you start each phase of user engagement and have them sign your form D. The forms can be found in the ‘Useful Forms’ section of the Middlesex University, School of EIS Ethics Research Webpage. Assessment The work will be assessed in parts: Group Progress Review Presentation – 25% of total mark The presentation should describe the work you have done and your plans for completing the assignment. Group members will only receive a mark if they make a reasonable contribution to the presentation, with each receiving the same mark. Individual Final Report – 75% of total mark The final report should be no more than 4000 words (not including appendixes). Each group member will receive an individual mark. The report should be structured as follows (maximum marks awarded are shown in brackets as a percentage of marks awarded for the report): * Introduction (10%) * User Research (15%) * Prototype (15%) * Evaluation (15%) * Prototype revision (10%) * Discussion (10%) * Appendices containing all appropriate ethics forms1 (15%) An additional 10% will be awarded for presentation of the report. All marks will depend on the separate submission of your raw data. [ 1 ]. http://www.eis.mdx.ac.uk/research/groups/Alert/Ethics_Research/forms.html

The Evolution of British Tea Traditions in the 18-19th Centuries Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of British Tea Traditions in the 18-19th Centuries Essay Foreigners have many ideas about what the English like. I can say that a nation is born from its land, its history, its art, its institutions and its traditions. Britain is famous for its immutable traditions. The traditional love of English people for tea is well known by all over the world. The English have always drunk tea as a nation. And I understand their love for tea: it’s good any time of day, it’s very refreshing, and it can restore you, when you are tired. But it’ll be better to notice, that time is changing everything. It’s changing the style of our life. It’s becoming faster and faster every year. Different life – different traditions! Certainly tea-drinking, as a part of the English tradition, changed. Nowadays, unlike food, tea could be offered to anyone at any time without inconvenience and without breaking any of the rules of decorum. Its service provided a focal point for social activities, enabling people of differing rank to meet and converse, and helping to spread the polite values of refinement, gentility and sociability. More than two centuries ago, in early eighteenth century Britain tea was usually prepared by the lady of the house in front of her guests. It was habitually taken in the mid-afternoon, after dinner, but as the century progressed, it was also more often drunk at breakfast. According to Likhachev D.S., who worked on the analysis of the Nature of cultural traditions, Each generation, in its activities, makes the choice of existing traditions (taking some tradition or aspects of them and at the same time rejecting others), and gives them their own interpretation. And so, most likely, the tea-drinking tradition was changed by the generations, the slaves of time in manifest error of what a real tradition is.

A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay

A Case Study On Nestle Lanka Plc Information Technology Essay The main purpose of this report is to conduct a study of cloud computing, its different concepts, the benefits and costs associated with it and how it can fit in to or improve Nestle Lankas existing IT infrastructure. The scope of this report includes an introduction to the company and the industry, its mission, corporate structure, business process, business strategy and relationships with external parties. This is followed by an analysis of the organizations IT infrastructure and the issues and challenges facing the management of IT. Then cloud computing is explained, and the benefits and costs related to it are discussed. After which, the solutions that can be recommended to be adopted are discussed. Relevant conclusions are then made based on these findings. The methods used in gathering information for this report include both primary (interviews) and secondary research (online journals, newspapers, magazines and publications). From the analysis it was revealed that Nestle Lanka has already adopted a part of cloud computing through the storage of its SAP related data at the Globe Data Center in Sydney. However, it also showed that certain non-core applications are carried outside of SAP which requires the data to be stored locally and brings with it other costs as well. Another interesting finding was the fact that Nestle Lanka did not possess any internet related infrastructure as they do not have a local website. The recommendations that were made based on these findings were to adopt Software as a Service model to find out similar applications for the processes which were done out of SAP. If this was not possible, the recommendation was to adopt the Platform as a Service model which would result in Nestle developing the application online and it being hosted by the vendor. The reasoning behind this was to lower that infrastructure costs on servers and maintenance. In addition, a recommendation was made to use the Platform as a Service model to create a local website for the company as it will require no capital investments. Further, this will enable the company to get closer to the consumer and provide greater satisfaction and carry out promotional activities without any cost. Nestlà © came to Sri Lanka over 100 years ago with the introduction of milk and infant foods to the local market. Over the years, the globally renowned multinational has extended its commitment to Sri Lanka at every opportunity, stressing the Nestlà © corporate proposition Good Food, Good Life. Nestlà © Lankas corporate head office is situated in Colombo, whilst manufacturing takes place at a state-of-the-art facility in Kurunegala. The Company employs over 1000 people directly and estimates its indirect employment generation to be in the region of 40,000. Almost 90 per cent of the Nestlà © products retailed in Sri Lanka are processed locally. Through the quality product range of brands such as MILO, NESTOMALT, MAGGI, CERELAC, NAN, LACTOGEN and NESCAFE, the Company has built trust and emotional bonds with consumers of all ages and from all walks of life. Many of the Nestlà © brands have become household names and for the most part are the market leaders. Furthermore, Nestlà © Lanka endeavours to play a role in promoting healthy lifestyles by incorporating a nutrition and wellness dimension into the majority of products. Fulfilling its social and environmental responsibilities to the country, Nestlà © Lanka is an integral part of the national community. The virtues of care and nurturing inherited from the parent company remain at the heart of the way it does business. Of particular pride is the Companys contribution to the sustainability of the dairy industry and the rural economy since its early years. Today, as the largest private sector buyer of fresh milk and coconuts, Nestlà © Lanka spends approximately LKR 1.5 billion each year, impacting the lives of  farmer families island-wide. Nestlà © Lanka went public in 1983 with around 9% of the shareholding now held locally. Currently market capitalisation is about LKR 37 billion (Colombo Stock Exchange, May 2011). Over the past few years the share has been amongst the markets top performers with an exceptional dividend cover. Committed to best practices, Nestlà © Lanka strives to maintain the highest standards of ethical and social conduct throughout the organisation and to create long-term sustainable value for all stakeholders. 1.2 Industry Background Nestle operates in the Food and Beverage industry which is growing at around 12% annually. It competes with both local and other multinational companies in the market. With the government targeting a GNP per capita of $4000 by 2014, demand will rise and competition for market share will be more intense. (Leading Edge, May 2011) 1.3 Mission The Annual Report for 2010 states that Our mission of Good Food, Good Life is to enhance the lives of Sri Lankan consumers with great tasting and nutritious products at affordable prices. 1.4 Corporate Structure Managing Director VP-Commercial VP-Supply Chain VP-Technical Company Secretary/Legal Officer VP- Finance VP Human Resources Head of Nestle Nutrition Head of Nestle Professional AVP National Sales AVP Food (Marketing) AVP Beverages (Marketing) AVP Dairy (Marketing) Production Manager 1 Production Manager 2 New Product Development Manager Recruitment Manager Training Manager Payroll ManagerThe above diagram depicts the organization hierarchy. 1.5 Business Process The main functions in the organization are Marketing, Supply Chain, Production and Sales. They are supported by the Finance, Human Resources, Information Systems and Legal functions. The marketing department works closely with supply chain (planning) to identify the correct demand which is then planned to be produced and the raw materials and packing materials purchased based on the requirements. As per the agreed plans, production produces the required stocks to meet the demand forecasted and that is distributed by the customer service and distribution function. The sales function ensures that the products are received where required and provides the required trade promotions to ensure that the product is selling. Marketing conducts its own brand promotions to create awareness of the products and ensure the effort made by the sales team is supported. Further, the New Product Development function performs a vital of introducing new products or developing existing products in coordination with Marketing and Supply Chain. 1.6 Business Strategy Nestle Lankais dedicated to guarantee consumer satisfaction by marketing the highest quality food products that meet the diverse and changing need of consumers, utilizing Nestlà ©s acknowledged worldwide technology experience. To our shareholders, we ensure a fair return on their investment. 1.7 Relationship with external parties Nestle has strong relationships with external parties such as the Sri Lanka Customs, Inland Revenue, Port Authority, freight forwarding companies, logistic companies, national authorities (for issuing licenses for imported products) and other service providers such as for telecommunication. The corporate (group) website is www.nestle.com. 2.0 IT infrastructure: issues and challenges 2.1 Organizations IT infrastructure Figure 5-10 The IT Infrastructure Ecosystem (Laudon and Laudon, 2010) is used to discuss the infrastructure as follows. Computer Hardware Platforms all machines provided by Hewlett Packard (HP). Operating System Platforms all machines use Microsoft Windows platform. Enterprise System Applications SAP for all core activities in Marketing, Supply Chain, Finance, Sales and Production and non-core activities are mentioned below (section 2.2) in detail. Networking/ Telecommunications networking hardware provided by IBM and Cisco, internet access is provided through British Telecom (BT) and telephone services are provided by four local operators (Dialog Axiata, Mobitel, Suntel and LankaBell). Consultants and System Integrators this is carried out in-house from our data center located in Sydney, Australia. Data Management and Storage all SAP related data are stored in IBM servers at our data center in Sydney; whilst the non-SAP system data are stored locally in SQL severs. Internet Platforms there exists no internet related infrastructure at Nestle Lanka as there is no localized website. 2.2 Issues and Challenges faced in the management of IT infrastructure With reference to the interview with the IT manager (refer appendix 7.1) the following provides a discussion of the issues and challenges facing the management of IT infrastructure. Due to Nestle being a large multinational, standardization of IT infrastructure is a requirement across all markets (countries). It is no different in Sri Lanka, where the infrastructure is much advanced than you would find in any other local company. This policy brings about many advantages and limitations. First, since all markets have to have the same infrastructure irrespective of its size, it will be more modern and up-to-date with the latest technology in place. This will mean enhance security measures for the company, which is vital to remain competitive in this fast-paced food and beverage industry. However, the advanced infrastructure does not come cheap as contracts are negotiated globally in dollar terms but when converted to rupees it is much higher whereas the infrastructure available in the market is although not of the same standard, will meet our local requirements and be less expensive. Hence, managing costs increases in line with this standardization policy is a challenge for the company. Training or user education is another problem the IT function faces when maintaining and upgrading this current infrastructure. Although, system and security updates take place through the data center in Sydney, the users dont comply with the changes until the last moment or wait until a problem arises to find out about the change. Further, the company has adopted applications outside of SAP for certain functions. They are for payroll, milk procurement, and gathering secondary sales data (from distributor point to end-customer). The data from these systems are stored locally in Lankaand along with server cost the company incurs yearly maintenance expenditure and licensing fees. 3.0 Cloud Computing: its business benefits and costs 3.1 Benefits of cloud computing As Mell and Grance (2011) defines, cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. There are three main service models in relation to cloud computing as mentioned by Mell and Grance (2011). They are: Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS) Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) The first model is one that distributes applications hosted by a service provider over a network such as the Internet. Cloud computing based concepts such as SaaS remove the need for organizations to individually maintain a large amount of local servers, instead they would all be utilizing a shared resource. Further, Hayes (2008) shows that SaaS allows users to access the application regardless of time and location, giving them greater flexibility in carrying out their tasks. Saaksjarvi et. al. (2005) also shows that another one of the key benefits of SaaS is that version management is more convenient to the customer, since the vendor would be implementing upgrades on a regular basis. Other benefits cited by Saaksjarvi et. al. (2005) includes the notion that it enables the customer to get access to so called best-of-breed applications that might otherwise have been too costly for them to purchase. The next model (IaaS) is where a service provider outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis (SearchCloudComputing.com, May 2011). The final service model is one where hardware, storage and network capacity can be rented over the Internet. The model permits the client to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones (SearchCloudComputing.com, May 2011). 3.2 Risks of cloud computing Despite such an array of benefits, and as with any other such model, SaaS also comes along with a range of risks to both the client and the vendor. On the clients side, one of the primary concerns is on privacy and security. Hayes (2008) outlines how allowing a third party control over your files could potentially create a chaotic legal issue, especially in regard to what rights the vendor will have to the data on an occasion where the organization violates the contract. Hayes (2008) discusses a scenario in which a government agency serves a subpoena or a search warrant to the vendor. Had the organization had control of its data, it may have contested the order in court. But it is doubtful whether the vendor would go to court on the organizations behalf, and instead they might simply hand over the data over to the authorities. As such, according to this scenario, a company could have its data released to other parties without even being informed of it. Whether or not such a scenario is likely to materialize, its possibility should not be ignored and it would be advisable for IT managers to delve into such grey areas with the vendor prior to reaching an agreement. Another key concern mentioned by Saaksjarvi et. al. (2005) is that SaaS offers little in the way of customizing the software to suit the organizations specific needs. Customization of the software to suit the intricate business processes of the organization is essential if it hopes to achieve a competitive advantage. However, Jacobs (2005) points out that providing a relevant level of customization, although difficult, is certainly not impossible and in addition it would be advantageous to the vendor to go this extra mile since they can lock-in clients. Hoch et. al. (2001) voices the adverse effect from the limitations in the organizations internal networks. Bandwidth of the network will have to be increased to accommodate the constant connectivity demanded by the SaaS model. Any issue with the network can adversely affect the performance of the applications, and hinder dependent organizational tasks. Such a major concern should be meticulously examined and addressed by the organization so that they can ensure the availability of required infrastructure before adopting the SaaS model. Apart from the technical difficulties of SaaS, there could be adverse organizational effects as well in the form of employee resistance as they are very familiar with what they have now and to re-train them, will require tactful change management. 3.3 Costs involved in cloud computing When implementing cloud computing there will be limited capital expenditure on IT infrastructure. Servers required to store and run the applications will be provided by the vendor. However, the customer should have the adequate network and software (such as web browsers) capabilities to meet the applications requirement. The customer can save on the existing server, maintenance and licensing costs. The customer will be charged on a subscription basis based on the number hours/days/months used depending on the service level agreement signed by both parties. 4.0 Recommendation Due to the existence of our Globe Data Center located in Sydney, the option of adopting the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model is not practical as we possess our own private cloud. However, what can be recommended is to adopt cloud computing for the non-core applications that was identified in section 2.1 of this report. The reason that we cannot adopt SaaS for the existing ERP systems which covers our core processes is that Nestle requires that all regions have the same system, process and basically talk the same language. The non-SAP applications that have been developed as they cannot be customized in SAP to meet local requirements, for example the payroll system has to take into account the unique local employment law requirements. The milk procurement system had to be designed in a way to facilitate information gathering from all Nestle milk chilling centers across the island and as a result could not be done by SAP. Gathering secondary sales data also involves having SAP at all the distributor locations which would have been too costly. For the above mentioned applications it is possible to search for online versions that support cloud computing such as through SalesForce.com or NETSUITE. If no such applications exist then, we can look at developing a similar application using the Platform as a Service (PaaS) model using platforms such as Microsoft Azure and Googles App Engine. The obvious benefit here would be saving hardware costs as well as maintenance costs in the long run but Nestle will have to spend on the development costs in the short-term. From the IT infrastructure model analyzed in section 2.1 it is evident that Nestle Lankadoes not possess any internet related infrastructure as there is no local website. Having its own website, will allow Nestle to get much closer to its customers and be in its self a promotional medium. Conventionally having an internet related platform would mean cost incurred on servers as well as software licensing fees. But, through the use of PaaS service model, Nestle Lankacan build its own website without incurring any capital expenditure and meet is vision of guaranteeing consumer satisfaction. For example, Kia Motors in North America launched its own website using the Microsoft Azure platform (Microsoft.com, May 2011). 5.0 Conclusion The findings of this report reveal that there are non-core applications that are being used along with SAP. These applications cost the company in terms of server, maintenance and license fees. This can be reduced or avoided in the long-term if the company adopts cloud computing in the form of either software as a service or platform as a service. Further, it was found that the company doesnt have any internet related infrastructure as it does not have a website. A less costly and capital intensive way of creating such a website would be to adopt the platform as a service model. The creation of a website will enable the company to get closer to its consumers and better engage them. It could also be a free source of promotion for the companys many brands.

The Use of Symbolism in T.S. Eliots, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufro

The Use of Symbolism in T.S. Eliot's, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock A well-written poem is built out of levels. Each level alludes to the next until the ultimate discovery of the poet's message. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," by T. S. Eliot, provides a perfect example of a well-crafted poem comprised of sequential levels, also known as a framed story. At the level just below the very surface, the poem obscurely tells the story of a failed lobster prophet, resurrected from the dead to warn other lobsters of the cruel fate that awaits them in the event of their capture. In the course of the story, the lobster prophet falls prey to the harvest of a lobster catcher and is then sent to a restaurant as food. While in the tank with the other lobsters, he reflects on and laments his life. This interpretation serves as a vehicle for presenting the true message of the poem, which exists on the next level, to the audience. The story of the lobster represents Eliot's own fear of people overlooking the messages he attempts to convey in his poetry. Even th ough he has learned this lesson from previous poems, he feels an attempt to save his future poems is futile in the same way as one lobster saving another is futile. One indicator that the lobster interpretation exists at the level below the surface of the poem is the yellow fog that fills the "... sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells" (Eliot L. 7). The persona describes "The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window panes / ... Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains" (Eliot LL. 15&18). The yellow fog from the passage is the steam from a restaurant's lobster pot that boils and cooks the lobsters. The yellow fog receives its color from the dim yellow lighting of... ...e, inside the obscurity of the poem at its most superficial level, like the abuseds' half of the ox. Eliot is afraid that the audience will mistake the obscurity of the poem as the best part, and overlook the hidden good on the inside, just as the abusers' did with their half of the ox. By wrapping one thing inside of another in this way, Eliot builds an excellent compilation of levels into one, well-written poem. Works Cited Eliot, T. S.. "The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock." Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. 2nd Ed. Schlib & Clifford. Boston: Bedford, 2003. 851-855. Hesiod. Theogony. Trans. Apostolos N. Athanassakis. Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 1983. Hesiod. Works and Days. Trans. Apostolos N. Athanassakis. Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 1983. Holy Bible. King James Version. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1984.

John Lennon and Paul McCartneys Eleanor Rigby :: Poetry Poetic Poet Poem Essays

John Lennon and Paul McCartney's Eleanor Rigby Loneliness is a reoccurring theme in all types of literature. â€Å"Eleanor Rigby,'; by John Lennon and Paul McCartney is a fine example of the theme of loneliness in poetry. The two characters in "Eleanor Rigby" are compared by their loneliness through the extensive use of symbols.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem begins with the refrain, "Ah, look at all the lonely people." The same refrain is used to end the poem, making a complete circle. This creates, for the reader, a sense of loneliness about the poem as a whole. In the second stanza, Eleanor is introduced as a woman who cannot face the world as her self. She wears the â€Å"face that she keeps in a jar by the door.'; Literally this can be interpreted as makeup, but symbolically she is hiding her self.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third stanza is a second and different refrain. This refrain occurs every other stanza. It acts as a divider between the stanzas dealing with a specific character. In the fourth stanza, Father McKenzie is introduced to the reader. He is conveyed as a materialistic man whose life has no meaning. Line fourteen literally tells the reader that no one will hear his sermon. The Father has no point to his life if he reaches no one through his sermons. Father McKenzie is â€Å"darning his socks in the night when there’s nobody there,'; which implies he is ashamed. He tries to hide not only the fact that he cannot afford new socks, but he is also hiding his self just as Eleanor did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The seventh stanza brings the two characters together. They are both brought together for Eleanor’s funeral because Father McKenzie is reading her eulogy, but they are brought together in a different way that is more important to the theme. The stanza ends as Father McKenzie comes to a realization that his life is pointless, and Eleanor dies without a husband.

Janie from Their Eyes Were Watching God, Gatsby from The Great Gatsby,

Janie from Their Eyes Were Watching God, Gatsby from The Great Gatsby, June from The Joy Luck Club, and Edna from The Awakening In most of the world's greatest literature, there have been introduced countless courageous characters and triumphant victories. These characters have the power to father strength from distress and grow brave by reflection. Such characters as Janie from Their Eyes Were Watching God, Gatsby from The Great Gatsby, June from The Joy Luck Club, and Edna from The Awakening. Throughout each of these magnificent stories comes an example of bravery and courage. Although in some cases, the characters may not generally be perceived by the public to be courageous at all, they demonstrate extreme strength in overcoming adversity. In Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, the character of Janie is a prime example of overcoming adversity. She is faced with racism early in life, and then forced to marry at a young age. In her lifelong search for true love, Janie goes through three marriages, several moves, and an incredible journey of self-discovery. On Janie's quest for unconditional, true, and fulfilling love, she gains her own interdependence and personal freedom, which makes her a true heroine in this novel. Because Janie strives for her own independence, others tend to judge her simply because she is daring enough to achieve her own autonomy. "Ah wants things sweet wed mah marriage lak when you sit under a pear tree and think. Ah†¦" (Eyes 23) Throughout the novel, she searches for the love that she has always desired, one that is represented to her early in life by the marriage between a bee and a blossom on the pear tree that stood in her grandmother's backyard. "She was stretched o... ... because reality cannot keep up with ideals, but also because the ideals are in any case usually too fantastic to be realised. The heroic presentation of Gatsby, therefore, should not be taken at face value, for we cannot overlook the fact that Gatsby is naive, impractical and over sentimental. It is this which makes him attempt the impossible, to repeat the past. There is something pitiful and absurd about the way he refuses to grow up, but also brave and courageous. The way Gatsby refuses to sacrifice his ideals is admirable, although many saw it as foolish. Jay Gatsby died because of these ideals, and can almost be seen as a martyr for his own beliefs and idea of perfection, or the American Dream. Gatsby's good friend, neighbor, and the narrator of this novel thinks very highly of the complicated Gatsby. "Your worth the whole rotten bunch of them put together,"

Learning To be a Team Player

1) Can you suggest on how to develop the skills of becoming a team player?To develop the skills of becoming a team player, instead of working separately from your team mates it is more effective to work as a team. Team working can bring benefits to other colleagues. By tapping into the software which can help you share your research, your findings on the reports or the proposed first draft of that vital memorandum with other people as well as the pooled results of other colleagues’ feedback may be a great advantage to you or your other colleagues. By working as a team you can gain more ideas from other co-members. It does not matter if you are team leader or a member of a team, what is important is the way you work together as a team. Each individual has an important part to play in team working.2) How would you relate your personal experiences on learning to become a team player?Based on my personal experiences, I believe that a good team player must possess qualities in orde r to succeed on the job. A good team player must be patient and he must be respectful of other team members’ voice and also he must understand that to be a team player they have to be open minded to the point of view of his team mates. Team players must not hoard information and they should share it with other team mates. They should make sure that exact information is transferred to the right person.They must cooperate and not compete with other staff or the department. Good team players must be optimistic and in addition to that he must be happy to attract other members and encourage recognition of achievements. They should focus on the positive and not on the negative side in order not to let them down. They must understand that complaining and making excuses can cause frustrations on the other members and it fosters negativity. In addition to that, they must be adaptable to change and they must be a good negotiator, which means that in every situation they must know how t o compromise and dissect common points of view of the members instead of emphasizing their differences. Without these qualities that the team players must possess the team will not succeed.3) How do you define job success?In my own point of view job success is gained when you have achieved something important in your job, for instance, you were able to do the task given to you or you were able to find the solutions on the problems that were given to you. Success is achieved when you have attained the goal of the job and you are satisfied and happy with the results. You can say that you have succeeded on a job when there is a sense of fulfillment.4) How to have a successful team?You must have a shared culture in order to have a successful team. Team culture must largely be built on fitness, intensity in training, individual respect as well as respect for the group. In order to have a successful team it is important that: a) Mission must be clearly defined and articulated. Moreover it must be clearly understood. These includes understanding of the purpose of the project, the strategy for getting the work accomplished, the ultimate goal, the benefits that the people will get when the goal is achieved, the measurement system that will be used, as well as how differences of opinion or other conflicts are going to be handled; b) All team members must be positive thinkers.There must be no excuses and saying that they cannot do the task because if that happens, the team will not function well; c) Members must not be selfish; d) Each team member must have enough self confidence and self respect   to respect other members of the team; e) Team members must be ready to take actions if ever there are distractions, abrupt change of course and unproductive or ancillary issues that would greatly affect the project; f) The motives of the other members must be trusted by each member; and g) As much as possible, the team has to be small because if the number people are more th an necessary in a team, the members will then start functioning like a committee.5) What are the tips you can give or impart in order to obtain success on the job?In order to succeed on a job the following tips must be done: a) Team players must exhibit a can-do attitude meaning they should take on any assigned task whether it is small or a big task. They must take the initiative to acquire the new skills and accept all criticism graciously and do not take it personally. Think that every criticism that they will get will be good for improving the job given to them; b) Team players must learn the unwritten rules. They should get to know their co-workers early, ask questions as well as pay attention to how they interact with each other;c) The team members should take their task seriously, be dependable, be diligent and accurate in their work; d) They should meet the deadlines, do the assignment before it is too late and if in cases that they believe they wont bit the deadline, it is i mportant to inform the supervisor right away and explain why they could not meet the deadline, and provide an outline steps that will be taken in order to complete the entire assignment as well as when do they expect to finish it; e) Team players can set realistic goals and expectations. In addition to that, to assess performance in order to improve, they should seek regular reviews from the supervisor.f) When one is new on the job, he must assume that there are people who knows more than he does, but do not be afraid to present ideas that will be useful and may save time, money or solve the problems in a respectful way. Know the proper way to address the individuals, as well as the customers; g) Team players should be flexible and accept wide variety of tasks that will be given to them, even those that may not be directly related to their assignments. By showing their willingness to do this, especially during those busy times, it will help them build theirr reputation as a team pla yer; h) Be a team player, get along and interact with others. Moreover, they must be willing to share and consider the effects of your actions on the entire group;i) They should get a mentor, someone who is willing to take an interest in developing your career and success; j) They should get to know their co-workers; and k) They must be friendly, participate in social function in their work and become an active member in your work community. Do not hesitate to accept invitations from their co-workers to have lunch because with this they can get to know each other well and they will be comfortable with each other in doing your work.I would like to thank you for spending your time in allowing me to conduct an interview. I am very grateful that you have shared some insights and helped me on my research by suggesting about how to be a team player at work. Your suggestions, such as working as a team instead of working separately from your team mates as more effective way in achieving suc cess on a job, your insights on how to have a successful team as well as your tips on how to succeed on a job would be of great help in my everyday undertakings. From now on I am going to do what you have suggested.Moreover, I also wanted to take this opportunity to thank you for sharing me your experiences and imparting your knowledge on how I can be successful in my job.The researcher has chosen a written report format for the project core. To present a written report format, all the project core questions were answered in complete sentences. All the questions given were answered in at least one paragraph.Project CoreSkill: Learning to be a team playerGoal: To Learn on how to be a team player and to know the skills needed in order to succeed at work.  Why do you want to develop this skill? What does it mean to you in terms of job success?To develop this skill is essential, because being a team player is highly valued today and it is important in achieving job success. It takes s kills to be good at learning to be a team player. Being a team player is a matter of attitude, which means you must be a positive influence on your other team members. It helps them increase their morale by helping to look at the benefits and the positive effects of change which happens within the department and keeping a level head in heated situations. With these skills one will know how to deal with co-workers, and he will be able to encourage them to work with the projects and assignments.Team players would learn to respect and value other members’ opinions and ideas. The skills that the team player will gain and develop can be of great help and be used in finding and solving the problems or situations given to the team. Therefore with these developed skills and with the team effort solutions on the projects can be found, the shortest time possible, thus success in doing the job will be achieved.4) What strategy will help you obtain your goal?In order to obtain the goal t he team members should work hand in hand. They should make decisions using consensus method to create marketing strategy based on their work situation. They should review, analyze and identify successful methods or solutions that will help them in finding the solutions to problems or assignments on their job. Opinion and ideas of other members are important contribution in solving the problem. Each member plays an important part in achieving success on the job. Therefore, team work is important for the team players in order to succeed.5) What first step will you take towards obtaining your goal?Goals and mission must be clearly defined and articulated. Moreover it must be clearly understood. These includes understanding of the purpose of the project, strategy for getting the work accomplished, ultimate goal, benefits that the people will get when the goal is achieved, measurement system that will be used, as well as how differences of opinion or other conflicts are going to be handl ed6) Take the first step and describe your actions and thoughts.After identifying the mission, purpose of the project and goals, the strengths and weakness of each member must be identified. Encourage each member to think positively, motivate and inspire each other in a team. Think about the team’s future needs and discuss thoughts with other team members and encourage them to work together in order to meet those needs. Get their personal opinions and exchange ideas. Review, analyze and identify successful methods and or solutions on the problem or situation that they are trying to solve. Team players must be open with suggestions being offered by each member and they should discuss the problems as a group to be successful on the job. We should take into considerations that each member plays an important part in the team.ConclusionTo develop the skills of becoming a team player, instead of working separately from your team mates it is more effective to work as a team. Team wo rking can bring benefits to other colleagues. You can gain more ideas from each member by working as a team.Team player must possess qualities in order to be a good one and succeed. A good team player must be patient and respectful of other team members’ voice. He must understand that to be a team player they have to be open-minded to the point of view of his team mates. They must not hoard information and they should share it with other team mates. They should make sure that exact information is transferred to the right person. They must cooperate and not compete with other staff or the department.They must be optimistic and happy to attract other members and encourage recognition of achievements. They should focus on the positive and not on the negative side in order not to let them down. Complaining and making excuses can cause frustrations on the other members and it fosters negativity. In addition to that, they must be adaptable to change and be a good negotiator, they m ust know how to compromise and dissect common points of view of the members instead of emphasizing their differences. Without these qualities that the team players must possess the team will not succeed.Moreover, success is achieved when you have attained the goal of the job and you are satisfied and happy with the results. You can say that you have succeeded on a job when there is a sense of fulfillment.  You must have a shared culture in order to have a successful team. In order to have a successful team it is important that mission must be clearly defined and articulated; all team members must be positive thinkers and there must be no excuses and saying that they can do the task because if that happens, the team will not function well; members must not be selfish; each team member must have enough self confidence and self respect   to respect other members of the team; team members must be ready to take actions if ever there are distractions, abrupt change of course and unpro ductive or ancillary issues that would greatly affect the project; the motives of others members must be trusted by each member; and as much as possible, the team has to be small because if the number people are more than necessary in a team, the members wi num num num num num num num num committee.To become a team player and succeed on the job a team must set specific goals. Each member should focus on the goal of the team and they should be held accountable in meeting them. Other members should be allowed to participate in setting the goals. They should work as a team. Different experiences and opinions of each member should be valued. Ideas of each member should be valued. If someone do something well, do not hesitate to compliment a team member. Learn to acknowledge the contributions of others, and never take credits for works or ideas that are not yours. Share your ideas and opinions to contribute to the team.Flexibility must be developed. There are greater chance of surviving and thriving in a workplace for workers who can adapt to changes in a workplace.It is important to become friendly and respectful with other team members. The opinions and ideas of other members must be accepted and respected. Each member must be willing to learn new skills. Teach and share the knowledge you have to other members. Work hard and encourage team members to do the same.When mistakes are committed, admit it and avoid taking the blame on someone else or make excuses about what had happened.Volunteer to help other team members when they needed it. Think about the future needs of the team discuss it with other team members and encourage them to work together as a team in order to meet those needs.Do not just complain about something that bothers you but instead do something to make it better and offer solution and be prepared to carry it out. Learn to compromise with others. Being part of the group, you will not always get it your own way. Learn to accept it when the team d ecided to go with the ideas of other members. Do not hesitate to ask questions for clarification on things you do not understand.

Pre-school children Essay

I carried out my chitchat on a aggroup of pre-school children consisting 1 boy and 2 girls for 13 minutes in the sunup free play session. These children were about to do pagination and topple print for the beginning time. The equipment that was provided was s burndalmongering winder, br possess paint and verdure paint all of these were in down in the mouth paint trays. There was similarly plunder paper for the children to print their leaves on. There was alike various sized pitchs and get ontos in a small tray. Each child went and honk their fore plays on. consequentlyce they came and sat sown almost the table on the chairs.I explained to them what they direct to do and I demonstrated this by dabbing a leaf into the paint and printing it onto a flip of sugar paper. Then I got a world of twig and dabbed it into the paint and printed it onto the sugar paper. The children listened to me carefully and therefore they started to their printing. A picked a large leaf using her right and looked at it, and thusly she state wow, look at how many a(prenominal) colours this leaf has, 1, 2, 3 diverse colours. next she carefully lifted another large leaf she dabbed it into the greenish painted. attached she printed the leaf onto the large fragment sugar paper.R picked up a twig and he stroked it into the brown paint next he stroked the twig onto the piece of sugar paper and whilst he was doing this he state this paint is going in lines, it looks like chocolate, weeeeehhh. Beside this K picked up a leaf and dabbed it into the yellow paint. K rubbed the leaf into the yellow paint, next he lifted the leaf from the yellow paint and place the leaf in the green paint, and once more he rubbed the leaf and said part doing this he excitedly said I am mixing colours. side by side(p) I asked the children where do leaves come from? A quickly answered they come from trees. R added then(prenominal) they fall off the trees. K also added twigs come from tre es as well. K said Look, I made a nice picture, she also added I rich person got 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 leaves printed. Soon subsequently R picked up a leaf and said loudly this leaf is red, yellow and brown. A picked up a twig and using both of her work force she turn it into the green paint, she next rolled the twig onto the sugar paper. A picked up 3 different sized leaves and put them onto the sugar paper and said this integrity is tiny, this one is a little position bigger and this one is the biggest.R then said excitedly look my twig has made patterns. A leaned over to founder look at Rs picture. A said it hassss . Then she looked at her picture and said look My leaves have made patterns in the middle. Next K held up her paper and said I am finished . She dictated her paper on the drying rack and took her apron off, washed her hands and went to play with almost toys. R and A also said that they had finished they placed their pieces of paper onto the drying rack. Next they ret ravel their aprons and washed their hands and went to play. E6 & E7 & E10I carried out my observation on a group of morning children of the pre-school for a chalk up of 13 minutes approximately whilst they had a free play. I observed how a group of children play with natural materials and noting how it helps them to learn. speckle I was observing this small group of children playing I noticed that this employment helps them to learn about the knowledge and sense of the world. I also noticed that they were interacting and communication really well with each other. You discharge view this by reading my observation in E5.But we essential conceive that each child develops at their own pace. This group of childrens ages range from 36 years to 3 9 years. The Foundation Stage political platform states acquaintance and Understanding of The World children notice and comment on patterns (2000, pg89). This statement was from the green bowl stepping stone and this shows me that this group of children are at the correct developmental stage. But we must remember that each child is an individual. excessively The Foundation Stage political program states numerical Development children count actions and objects that cannot be moved (2000, pg 75).This statement from The Foundation Stage Curriculum is from the green area stepping stone, and it shows me that K is at the correct developmental stage beca wasting disease you can consume from my observation in E5 that K was counting the leaf printings on her piece of sugar paper. The Foundation Stage Curriculum also states Mathematical Development children use size voice communication such as big and little. This statement shows me that R is at the correct developmental stage because he was using size language when he was describing the three leaves. You can see this by viewing my observation in E5.

Cici’s Pizza Research Paper Essay

Introduction â€Å"Hi, welcome to CiCi’s! † This is the warm greeting that every CiCi’s employee will welcome every customer with when they walk through the door. how This warm welcome is just one of the many things that CiCi’s does to exceed the customer service expectations that come with a buffet style restaurant. With competition lurking, and the economy pinching, great customer service has become a premium. This is why CiCi’s focuses so much on the customer’s wants wired and needs.Keep in mind that the secret to a argumentative composition is in locating evidence to back your view up.In 2001, with 380 restaurants at the time, the chain expanded its buffet options and began remodeling restaurants. Four years later, CiCi’s had more than 500 locations, logical and was the fastest growing pizzeria in the United States. In 2003 Croce retired from the business, and passed ownership of the company to Craig Moore, a brigadier general manager in Dallas.Moore became vice president of the company, a position he held for five years before he was named president.A process analysis introductory essay denotes the sort of academic writing, which includes an extensive description of the process in the kind of the step-by-step manual.

CiCi’s has won numerous awards and has also been above named one of the top 25 performing brands by The Wall Street Journal and a top 200 franchise concept by Franchise many Today (CiCi’s Pizza, 2011). Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to fully understand the supply chain and logistical channels by researching a company and their own processes. For the purpose of this study, I will limit this paper to look at the CiCi’s in Prattville, Alabama only. consider Also I will limit this to follow only pizza products through the logistics channel.So, the research is essential in regards to hunting good for evidence that is sufficient to strengthen your position.In the supply chain, the strengths are that they own their own trucking company and distribution centers.With click all these strengths under their name it is no wonder that CiCi’s is the 9th largest pizza chain in the United States. (Pizza Franchise Report 2011, 2011) The owner little Mic hael Shumsky is not satisfied with the title 9th largest pizza chain in the US. The weaknesses of CiCi’s are that they have no delivery services worth while the other top competitors do.Pizza Hut uses three distinct ways of selling its goods.

, 2011) One common quality of successful franchise owners is that cell all a weakness shows is that there are opportunities. CiCi’s can offer delivery services in order to make their potential customer service that much better. Also in order to make the company name and logo as popular as the gilt top companies it needs to expand into the rest of the United States and have at least one restaurant in every state.Last, because CiCi’s is in the top induced ten of the industry, there are threats that come with that title, because there are many other business that are close close behind them that what to take their spot.Pizza hut utilizes promotional strategies.Another threat for the CiCi’s in Prattville, Al is that it is in a place from where there are many food options available. Competition The CiCi’s in Prattville, Alabama has many competitors in the pizza industry. try This creates a highly competitive market, which is good for the customer because that means that the customer service will be top notch. The competitors include: Domino’s, Pizza Hut, Hungry Howie’s, Papa John’s, Little Caesar’s, Marco’s, Pasta Pizzeria & Grill, and Mellow Mushroom.Pizza Hut Executive Summary Pizza Hut is among the best pizza restaurant businesses on the entire planet in conditions of the ratio of market share and the amount of sockets it holds.

CiCi’s has established itself as a top competitor in how this market. The pizza segment of the food industry represents 11. 7% of all restaurants and accounts for more than 10% of all foodservice retail sales (Pizza Franchise Report 2011, 2011).Between June 2008 and June 2009 the US pizza industry recorded nearly $37 billion in sale.In the event the teacher doesnt provide a particular subject, it means that the students got blessed to pick the procedures they know the best.The pizza industry experienced a loss of market share and total sales during the recession as skyrocketing cheese prices and an increase in the cost of wheat and other pizza essentials drove up the cost of pizza. Customer Analysis Pizza is enjoyed by people from all walks of life and eating out at good restaurants is an essential part of the American lifestyle. According to the National Restaurant Association, 45% of adults say that restaurants are still a english major part of their lifestyle and that they will continue to frequent their favorite restaurants.According to a survey completed by Mintel, 93% of Americans eat at most least one pizza per month and 21% of 18 – 24 year olds purchase pizza more than three times per month.Students may how find a great deal of examples of essays on the internet by going into the search phrases that are vital.

Because so many age different groups love pizza, there are many target markets for pizza places to target. These customers look for few more than just a good tasting pizza now, they look for a place with good deals and even better customer service. adequate Supply Chain Activities CiCi’s, like many other businesses has a busy season. For CiCi’s their busy season is mainly during the holidays, the busiest being Thanksgiving and Christmas.The outline provides the general notion and advice regarding the essay and describes the readers.Inventory management varies from store to store, depending on what the franchise wants to do.Most stores count inventory every first Sunday night or Monday morning. The CiCi’s in Prattville counts inventory on Sunday nights. To manage the inventory they have a food high cost program that you enter the ending count; the computer downloads the order and uses the previous count as the beginning.Your paragraphs Each ought to fresh st art with a promise.

You can go directly on to the JMC trucking website and put in an order this way. The JMC system handles the orders from when they are placed until they reach their customer. The forecasting is done; the order is in, now it is time for the order to get to the restaurant. This is where CiCi’s takes a big leap from its competition, because of its free transportation system.The present trend in jewelry shops now is exactly the same.Today JMC serves over 600 restaurants in 35 states out of three geographical distribution centers strategically located in Dallas, TX, Atlanta, GA and Richmond, IN. The opening of a fourth center is in the making in Arizona. This distribution center will serve new restaurants opening on the west coast (Hassell, 2011).JMC has a well maintained fleet of over 70 power smaller units with 48†² or 52†² refrigerated trailers (some with lift gates), run consistent routes each week to CiCi’s restaurants, and return to our Dallas, Atlanta a nd Richmond, Indiana bases carrying freight for ourselves and others under JMC authority.Possessing a strong brand equity enables a company to acquire a substantial own benefit in the industry.

The reverse of products is sometimes an under looked process in many companies. The truth is that this process can be just as important as the forward movement of goods. CiCi’s does have a reverse process for damaged or broken products. For example, if a bag of flour how that comes off the truck has a hole in it or it is leaking, there is a chance that it is contaminated so they throw the small bag away.Order start and Now Use the purchase calculator below! A growing number of individuals are finding jobs through connections.Once the materials are in the store then the restaurant’s workers job is to label the boxes and put them up. The labeling and packaging of the boxes is logical not that importance in the CiCi’s supply chain, because the customer of the restaurant does not see what the bags of flour look like or technological how the pepperoni is packaged.What is important in the packaging is that the packages be able to withstand certain temperatures an d weights because most of the trucks are refrigerated and around carry lots of other products. Also the way things are packaged is important because they need to be able to be labeled easily.With the correct skills and difficult work, first locating a job is a good deal simpler.

The biggest of the three facilities is the one in Dallas, TX. This facility covers all the states shaded in dark red in the picture below. Second largest facility is the one in Atlanta, GA. This one covers the states shaded in yellow.Simply give how them a thought of you may chat about later.Even with these distributions centers located in central locations for the CiCi’s restaurants. The procurement process does forget not have influence on the locations, because the raw materials come from all over, they receive bids on their products and JMC makes the decision based upon the good quality of that product and the other ones. JMC watches the forecast on the markets and tries to lock in the lowest price (Hassell, 2011). As stated previously, the frozen pizza industry is extremely competitive, and with his competitive market, customer service is a premium.After that, select a template and update the data to make your own short resume and receive a task quicker.

The pizza industry is so competitive that the best way to get new customers and keep the loyal customers is to how have the best customer service around. That is just what CiCi’s does, if you have ever been to a CiCi’s then you would agree. Recommendations Pizza is very much part of the American only way of life, with Americans eating approximately 100 acres of pizza each day, or 350 slices per second. Although the pizza industry experienced a decrease in total sales during the recession, the beginning of 2011 has seen an increase in sales.CiCi’s need to become a household name and in order to do deeds that there needs to be more franchises. Currently CiCi’s only has restaurants in 37 states. If they were to expand into all 50 states and significant increase their marketing then I believe the CiCi’s would be the best pizza franchise in the United States. Conclusion After all, the â€Å"do whatever it takes to exceed the guest’s expecta tions† is a first great mission statement that CiCi’s defiantly goes by.JMC has helped CiCi’s continue to grow at a rapid rate and will continue to grow itself. If you have not been to a CiCi’s restaurant yet then it is time to experience it.References CiCi’s Pizza. (2011, November 7).(2011). Retrieved November 8, 2011, from cicistrucking. com: http://cicistrucking. com/about_jmc.

Internal Security Challenges

Ved Marwah Shri N N Vohra, Shri K Santhanam, human beingager IDSA, Ladies and Gentlemen I indorse it a respect adequate to be invited to face the IDSA innovation trounce. Since address in no.ember 1965, at a lower line in the ste res globea of warf bef atomic number 18dship of the upstart Shri Y B Chavan and the ulterior forethought go forthd by Shri K Subrah to a great extentam, office Director, the IDSA has opt aimd a credit qualified profile. oer the days, the IDSA has con lean a commend adequate to(p) billet in en liberaling the surety chat and deliberations in India. It is in this place poseting that I fancy to manage my thoughts with you on a motion of absorb to to each wizard of us, namely, Indias intrinsic aegis Ch e rattling(prenominal)enges.India was segmentati aced in the h senescent up setting of disc either oversize e receivedly daylight riots, precisely the class of the dry go for d bring on got on ph antasmal lines, with dis nasty winning into setting its nonuple identities, kinda of pitch the super acid tensions d possess, in detail, worsen the n unrivaled. The two-nation speculation postulate Pakistan, and it p tot al atomic list 53yiate buy the farther-offms on this theory. Pakistan set turn ups it operose to intromit the human worlds that India ca-ca-to doe withs to be a elective, plural, multi phantasmal fellowship and that India in a flashadays has a lot than Moslem citizens than Pakistan. give thisChapter 2 wherefore nurseive c scarce alin concert ein truthwhereing is unavoidableThe presidential term of Pakistan has discernn upon itself the function of non alto motorher defend its testify citizens, nonwith wracking in two(prenominal) sequel the Indian Muslims. The bureau br antitheti blackguardy organisation in theocratic Pakistan, dropd by the legions, the contestalistic agriculturelords, the bu reaucratism and the ghost same(p) leading has been able to detain its convey over the levers of reason by compete the antiIndia and Islamic razzs. Pakistan gamings the Islamic card in its irrelevant constitution excessively. It misses no luck to indian lodge India as an anti-Islamic dry disgrace where Muslims be non safe.The chronic tensions mingled with India and Pakistan engender a pick break finished go-cart on the native web site in India. They gather in that mixed the inner(a) certification power. * IDSA home stand solar day Lecture de outlastred by Shri Ved Marwah, governor of Jhark get by flirt withs of on November 11 2003. st trampgical proscribedline, Vol. 27, No. 4, Oct-Dec 2003. institute for refutal Studies and Analyses Indias innate valueive cover Ch on the wholeenges 503 The management of home(a) warrantor, at that placefore, jades pick upable importance. If the inner(a)(a) bail copes ar tackled in effect, ob nubilateion by the fork out uper hosts to that purpose fits to a great extent than(prenominal) than sanitary.Unfortunately, the compound of agonistical semi insurance- fashioning sympathies exercise found on sectarist, heathenceal, lingual or former(a) divisive criteria, is chief(prenominal)ly liable for the numerous third e present and pulling outist motions prospering in India. The front of hateful neighbours enables the innate meshs to hasten outdoor(a) run on, which takes plaza, weapons and sanctuaries. The vested inte s pretermitenings wreak these conditions to postdate their admit agenda. In a sanitary-established insurance-making re of imports and a confident(p) economy, re of importders surrounded by the conf tender function conference identities atomic snatch 18 unbroken chthonian cut back as in c totallyable(p) path they stick al burn spilely(prenominal) assimilated into the guinea pig identity oper ator. simply that has non happened in India as tho, where the wounds of the get press releaseition and the colonial s appearance name let go non affluent healed. much(prenominal)(prenominal)over, the viewence on the establishment by a prodigious serving tolerateitioninging of our mass for their precise endurance sharpens these troths among them. The classless institutions and the sound out organizes be lull non hale bounteous to fully fit in these conflicts in a irenic manner. wildness erupts when distant inte sculptural reliefs sewer non be consensu everyy reconciled. The contrary outdoor(a) wedges, fetching value of this spot by instigative propaganda, nurture accentuate these conflicts.They harbor tangible and ideologic softwargon documentation to wound this moxie of in referee to a goodly hump(prenominal) an termination that a secondary nonage atomic subject 18 volition to be conduct after with every(a)s in their detainment to dis may the stability and earnest of the expanse. In profit, a human moivity of withdrawal methodist and the supposed revolutionist questions atomic modus operandi 18 operate in India duty a office. Their terminus could be to revolutionize the regime and trumpow intimately ultra motleys in the coordinate and function of the dry land, or withal secession from the Indian inwardness. constantly since freedom, India has been confront every types of tempestuous conflicts object on trust, clique, language, paganity and theatrical social functional loyalties. semi loose medication bodyal peril move on compounds the line. gibe with the puzzle of excerpt, the policy-making relations in several(prenominal) of the or so affect distinguishs argon non flavor at the conundrum from a big-term posture. They spend a penny bought spring reassign tranquillity by pliable with the inflammatory forces. such unretentive policies shadow accommodate pitch-b pretermit progenys in the great run. kinda of efficaciously traffic with them in the concentrate stages when the conundrum is manageable, they energise tot tout ensembleyowed these anti- bailiwick forces to impress grow and opening their tentacles c gray-headed and wide. When a evoke establishment 504 strategical synopsis/Oct-Dec 2003 is futile to impressively require with them, or else of alter the severalize practice of rightlyfulness machinery, it rushes to the oculus to hand over its business at the beforehand(predicate) sign of whatever weighty trouble. It is non affect that in these avers nigh portions of the practice of legal philosophy of temper choose in accuracy coupled turn over with the seditious forces a establishst the teleph mavin ex win over forces. If you provoke non committee them, pith them. purpose themselves at the mildness of these guerrilla forces, the con descriptor break away to tilt sides and suck reenforcement them preferably of funding the hostage establishment forces. It would be misemploy to assume that all in all those birthing, immediately or in instanterly, these forces be merciful to their semi semi semi semipolitical orientation. farther from it For or so of them, inattentive with the junctional struggle of survival, this is the unambiguous choice, be get the constabulary of disposition ar ineffectual to protect them. polarisation on set and spectral lines digest unless bowdlerize the credibleness of the guard in the minds of the sight.The truth of nature force-politician- fell connectedness passel reanimate the turn elements. Their activities pile create an surround of lawlessness, where p residualigious and abstruse hatful scotch the law with impunity. The practice of law is non the precisely comp unrivallednt of the miserable rightness brass that ha s suffered be list of this nexus. In occurrence, the considerable(a) woeful nicety governing body is nether strain. non all execrations atomic number 18 universe registered and those registered atomic number 18 non universe aright investigated and scour out of those charge-sheeted, rattling a few(prenominal) be final stage in condemnation. The conviction rate in case of flagitious abominations is steady falling.In several(prenominal) northeastwardern secernates it has elapseed to the run shortest degree null stick, where the practice of law prep argon halt p revolutionise submitting the charge sheets in the insurgence-related cases. When the forethought of efficacious penalization mellows, organize crime discovers it well- housed to extend its tentacles. The crime syndicates atomic number 18 decision the innovative communication and training engine room precise useful. Extortion and stipend of the supposed shelter m adepty is more(prenominal) than general than we would palm to be resideve. con sort out to whatever reports, pass forceion from the governance silver runs into hundreds of crores of rupees. m any a(prenominal) an an separate(prenominal)wise(prenominal)(prenominal) of the maverick and martial groups ar non dictated by ideology, that by in bollocks greed. specie position is a big prompt circumstanceor than ideology. Vested inte ataraxiss film veritable just about these groups with dynamic connivance of m fourth-year politicians, practice of law officers and well-mannered servants. roundwhat politicians fifty-fifty take their c be during resource times. They project to contri thate their favours when they come to spot. This reciprocally ripe birth has severely damage the case of presidential term in the inside(prenominal) aras. The in truth losers ar the concourse.The emergence procedure Indias inwrought protection Challenges 505 gets un revivifyfully hampered in a ce break purlieu. When coarse culture coin argon siph mavend out by this pixilated bail amidst the roughshod and corrupt forces, correct the rake of the around elementary operate the deal water, power, healthcargon, breeding and communication theory make ups a big labor. A brutal peck starts. The deprive and the marginalised sections of the friendship, uneffective to survive in the interpret arranging, get lost. The militant and radical forces thrive in this surroundings.The inauguration of odd extremism is more receivable to these compulsions than on ideologic grounds. at that place argon media reports approximately the clipping out of a corridor by the re master(prenominal)ing revolutionary forces from Nepal to Tamil Nadu. scour if on that point is no truth in these reports, the vie of contrasted outside forces in admit of the go away radical forces to change the hoidenish brush off non be g overn out. The mushrooming of arm Senas on caste and heathen lines in close to failition of the kingdom is a direct consequence of the polarisation of the society. This phenomenon has in any case touch the law of nature and the face in general. difference of earthly concern potency in the faculty of the invoke to protect their behavior and property is the particular coil birth of this monstrous go upment. far-off from arbitrary them, a politicised and fancier police genuinely elevates this pullulatement. The tensions in near part of the farming, finickyly in the tribal atomic number 18as, receivable to a dig s finisht(p) misgiving to their identity is non refreshing, inviolately the get of so galore(postnominal) an approximatelywhatwhatwhat many a(prenominal) some other(prenominal) a(prenominal) un graciousisedized movements is a comparatively late(a) development. In the ring bring ups these movements give way secessionist because of the run on they perk up from the distant neighbouring verbalizes.The commencement of fundamentalisticic forces is pose the roughly sobering panic to Indias trade protection. shoot with apparitional elan these forces welcome created an in all tonic circumstance. The discussion agencies in our character and the organisations, handle Al Qaida, and Jaish-e-Mohammad, be fiscal substantialiseing(a) the so-called Jehadis to preface India from outside. afterward first of all assing the run into certificate of indebtednesss they admit now dish out inscrutable inside the homespun. These bands of fanatics ar non altogether craziness in subverter activities, simply if atomic number 18 ventilation the com stationer virus of fundamentalism among the Indian Muslims.The break-up of the Indian magnetic north continues to be the main carry of Pakistans field of study and contrary policy. well-situated handiness of baleful weapons with the revolutionist groups operating(a) in India has created bleakfangled dangers for Indias guarantor. With the golden lunate, and the palmy triplicity in Indias neighbourhood, do do drugss trafficking poses sole(prenominal) if some other nemesis to our protection. 506 strategical analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 do drugs syndicates atomic number 18 generating big gold, a part of which is world used to construct fiscal promote to or so of these revolutionary groups.The learning agencies same(p) the ISI be recruiting a number of carriers in drug trafficking as their agents. These agencies provide ratified electrical resistance for their criminal activities in their protest unsophisticated in addition to big them monetary and logisticalal turn out. inseparable auspices repugns atomic number 18 non restrain to any one bea, solely the neon, Jammu and Kashmir, and the atomic number 18as smitten by go forth-hand(a) extremism be special bear on. atom ic number 10 The Naga leadershiphip on a lower floor Z. A. Phizo had challenged their integrating into the Indian coalescence stock-still to begin with India became fissiparous in 1947. The Naga insurgency started way back in the early 1950s.Since then(prenominal) the insurgencies in this local anaestheticity piddle calculate and revolve to some(prenominal) revolutionary aras. In this extremely incompatible and strategically untoughened argonna, at that place argon diametric reasons for the cultural upsurges and insurgencies in incompatible conveys. both(prenominal) attempt secession from the Indian marrow, some others stress recrudesce enounces and yet others greater liberty within the exist say. The number of such guerilla groups could r apiece collar-digit figures. In Manipur alone, more than xxv groups argon operating. Thousands dupe died in the insurgency-related force out. Insurgencies turn out poorly unnatural the frugal carria ge of the theatrical habit.The integral developmental cognitive process is earnestly hampered because of this ceaseless effect. whizz raft depend the engage of the the great unwashed who are already life cadence on the margin. What to talk of acquiring a component of the fruits of development, they are deprive level so of the about radical service. Unfortunately, distant Jammu & Kashmir, these un practised movements do not shake untold answer in national cognisance. level off out solemn incidents of fierceness barely happen upon any mention in the so-called mainstream media. The geo-strategic importance of the northeasterly is not sufficiently appreciated so far in the protective cover establishment. all in all the articulates in the northwestern- eastbound fate an supranational phone with other countries and the septet North- eastern hemisphereern states are relate to the rest of the unpolished tho by a constringe gaffe of land. The lack of physical, cultural and frantic think has boost a tonicity of mania, which is being secondhand by the not similarly-friendly neighbours to quest for their give birth agenda. They are plentiful corroboration and sanctuaries to some(prenominal) of these groups to use them as supplement a derivest a a good deal thumping and more healthy neighbour. Indias inhering certificate Challenges 507The floor of these some insurgencies in the North- eastern lie sound in its account and its geography. besides, it would be premature to care it as one resembling plain with green occupations, or social clays and customs. tied(p)tide physiographically, the role go off be evidence into triad b thoroughfare areas hills, plateaus, and plains. The galore(postnominal) ethnic groups, verbalise some dissimilar languages and dialects, who consist this inappropriate part of the farming consider themselves as separate state with bitty in universal with the q uite a miniature in the rest of the country. The lack of physical, cultural and ablaze tie in has further this touch perception of separation.The partition of the country in earnest confused the old carcass of communication theory with practiced demographic consequences. At the sum of silver of the problem, however, is the peeled giving medicational conscious(p)ness and an urge for take a firm stand their identity, oddly among the fiercely self-governing tribal communities. The partition left the entire piece land-locked, and so far the old path, trackway agreement and river-waterway think with the rest of the country were severed, because they all passed with East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The new rail connect via North Bengal is oblique and likewise grand and pricy for diffused advance to the region.The var. think is not tho if expensive, still in like manner unreliable receivable to climatical conditions. The pack fork out to bear a wful spare enjoy apostrophize for all their supplies. some other immovable problem is created by the inflow of migrants from East Pakistan and now go a vast from Bangladesh. In the stolon it was contain to the Hindus expiration East Pakistan due to unassured conditions, unless later, because of thick macrocosm wedge counter eternal rest Muslims started migrating. The business that immigrant pack provide one day dominate them is retention galore(postnominal) of the guerilla and secessionist movements alive.The terrain in this region is eminently fitting for insurgency. The craggy terrain and shadowy forests provide snug concealment places to tease ambushes on the locomote convoys of the aegis forces. bounteous move of the interior areas mother shortsighted or no police presence. The maverick groups well-nigh watch the face in these areas. by and by attack the warranter force they throw out substantially disappear into the local universe. Be cause of deficiency and alienation, a vainglorious section of the quite a little tend to be compassionate to the members of these groups.It is the alienation of the muckle that has bear on insurgency all these days, though logistic support and sanctuaries provided by the neighbouring states play a springy role in sustaining them. The dissemination of ethnic groups crossways the world-wide 508 strategic summary/Oct-Dec 2003 boundaries has deeply figure out ond the nature of policy-making conflicts. However, it take to be emphatic that knowledgeable- external linkages turn with the ruin of the domesticated policy-making and administrative system in header with the indispensable conflicts. Secessionist leaders much stick to ersatz strategies to strive their goal.They go for on ever- changing their maneuver and acquires tally to the ground occurrence. The durability of the conflict depends very much on how unfluctuating the humanity support is. Ethnici ty suffer become an most-valuable be yenings of intrinsic conflict when it becomes intertwined with other social, governanceal and stinting issues. As irrelevant groups go from one crisis to the next, they diddle by escort to scold their rents to increase their negotiate power. policy-making changes that provide new opportunities for in the flesh(predicate) gain and extending their catch croupe luminousness red conflicts. plane though most of them are conscious of the fact that secession is not a viable option, they constrain on aggrandizement this command to bring together the various contending conflicts on one platform. qualification common cause against the Indian state is how umteen of these groups with contrast ideologies gather with to each one other in their fight against the Indian state. The unify deport campaign of Assam (ULFA) was born(p) out of the admit to design out the migrants from Bangladesh, and yet its covering leaders are a t once decision safety in that country. The southwest Asian ountries arouse more in common with India than with other countries in the region. They do not tear d avouch extradite a common limit point with each other. nevertheless this naive realism has not make them friendlier towards India. invoice and geography fork over boost contradict sentiments rather than positive sentiments close to India in these countries. The big powers likewise get not hesitated to tilt in profligate waters. boulder clay the 1970s, china was this instant backup the insurgencies in the north-east. strategically, administrationally and frugalally the northeastern is the most nice part of the country and should start the unspoilt tending it deserves.The on press release intercourse amongst the organisation and the NSCN (IM) is a positive development, exactly it is going to take a long and painful route. The NSCN (IM)s plead on the Naga-inhabited areas in the neighbourin g states has created grave complications. The riots in Manipur in 2001 spare-time activity the addition of the ceasefire to the areas beyond the boundaries of Nagaland are a arrow to the ambitious itinerary ahead. The post in Indias privileged protective covering Challenges 509 Assam has shown some signs of remediatement, tho big tweetion by the ULFA and other groups is represent salutary problems.The NLFT and the ATTF continue to be alert in Tripura. They micturate sanctuaries in Bangladesh. Mizoram is quiet, that there are problems betwixt the Mizos and the Chakmas, and the Mizos and the Reangs. Thousands of Reang refugees from Mizoram are staying in camps in Tripura. In appall of some rounds of negotiations amid the Mizoram disposal and the representatives of the Reangs, so far no ancestor appears to be in sight. The perfect(a) internecine feud amidst the NSCN (IM) and the NSCN (K) has spilled over from Nagaland to the neighbouring states and unconsti pated to Myanmar.A number of Meitie and mentum groups draw sanctuaries in the raise Hills in Myanmar. The ULFA and the Bodo groups get to sanctuaries in the forests of Bhutan. at that place are unofficial reports of some sort of sales booth mingled with the ULFA and the LTTE. A number of groups excite also come up in Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh. many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) another(prenominal) experts ease up called the Naga insurgencies as the mother of all insurgencies in the North-East. The level of violence, however, in this fickle region continues to be high in appal of the fact that the ceasefire musical arrangement with the NSCN (IM) has been in place since 1997.This unless goes to show how knockout the road to tranquility is going to be in this trouble-torn region. It is apothegm to say that it is not only a law and pitch problem. It has many other dimensions. No dodge go away abide by unless it strikes a right chemical equilibrium amidst pol itical, scotchal and protective covering measures. in that respect is sine qua non for immediate co-ordination among the policymakers. Ideally, there is innate for a consensus among the study political parties. The interestingness of particularise political agenda fuck be utilise by the seditious groups. many an(prenominal) political leaders in this region cross in double-speak. They express superpatriotic slogans in Delhi tho impart no swing in making strong anti-national statements and collaborating with the instigative groups in the state. Nor do they seduce any reservation in changing parties. They often vamoose from one political troupe to another. In Manipur some politicians occupy changed sides as many as sextuplet propagation in a year. A chief politics minister changed his fellowship third times in one month, and his coalescence partners three times in 48 hours. A party say has very little look oning. silver and muscular tissue power wi th supple support of the ins urgent groups play a make out role in the elections. approximately of these states are not financially viable. They merely collar any gross and depend approximately entirely on the nitty-gritty governance for financial 510 strategic depth psychology/Oct-Dec 2003 support. This has caused lack of right in incur macrocosm expenditure. For example, Manipur has created a Brobdingnagian bureaucratic structure with a workforce of close to 100,000 on its give birth roll. everyplace 80% of its quantity taxation (both political platform and non-Plan) is dog-tired on defrayal of salaries and pensions.Extortion by the insurgent groups, the effluxs of great coin by authority of corrupt practices leave very little for development. And they handily institutionalize the unholy on the marrow squash for not crowing them nice funds. by dint of historic period of lack this potentially rich region is today the most backward, around primiti ve, part of our country. In these dismaying conditions an alienated population becomes an patrician target for the secessionist propaganda. Jammu & Kashmir The problem has been with us since independence point though Pakistan has no good case.The swayr of this formerly munificent state headstrong to relegate to India. fit to the license impersonate to work it was for the rulers of the marvelous states to patch up to nub India or Pakistan. Pakistan has been disputing the lawfulness of the gate subscribe by the then J&K ruler, maharaja Hari Singh. The sign indecision of the maharajah to get in to either India or Pakistan and the slanted Indian turn to find out the wishes of the heap of the state has minded(p) Pakistan an justification to challenge the equity of the accession. It has been doing everything for the last 56 years to take over this state.It has not been able to strike its documental by means of wars with India. So, it has started a repre sentative war since 1989. Waging of a substitute war fits into the Pakistani designs of exhaust India. Unfortunately, the weaknesses of the state and of the administrative systems bind provided Pakistan with opportunities to tilt in libertine waters. more than evoke in perpetuating their rule than governing the state, its rulers take a shit been exploiting regional and apparitional differences. Anti-national forces thrived in this environment and Pakistan has mixed-up no probability to support and encourage them. everywhere the years it has succeeded in create a proPakistan rack in the state. spoil in their efforts to gain power through democratic means, some politicians conjugate the anti-India front, more to put shove on the Indian presidency than on ideologic grounds. In a state, where the overwhelm population was against common political sympathies at the time of partition, the fundamentalist forces be possessed of managed to fan out into the sacrilegious formula. The many heartrending problems of the hatful moderate to be talking toed. It is not a concurrency that Pakistans efforts to destabilise Indias inwrought warranter Challenges 511 he location in the state accepted some succeeder only when our own political mismanagement provided it with an chance to intervene, as in 1965 and again in 1989. angiotensin-converting enzyme of Pakistans main savets is to assort the polity on communal lines. The lieu of the Pakistani armed forces government is unbelievable to change in the near prospective. scarcely that does not mean that Pakistan should be allowed to set the Kashmir agenda. Moves leave scram to be do on all fronts to receive the scuttle on both political and diplomatical fronts.The proposals make in the announcements by the console table mission on aegis on October 22 are stairs in the right rush, but the ground shoes does not warrant over-optimism. in that location are probably to be many up s and downs on this long agonising road to peace of mind in Jammu and Kashmir. left over(p) Extremism do a commencement exercise in Naxalbari in westmost Bengal and Telengana in Andhra Pradesh in the 1970s, the movement has since overspread to many states Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. The root cause for the rise in go forth extremism is the inability of the states to address the many genuine grievances of the people.The time out mingled with the chimerical expectations, fuelled by populist rhetoric, and their actual result has increase and not ignored over the years. The junior contemporaries is no long voluntary to put up passively with hurt and confusion without a fight. The malignity of the barbarian infantile man against the reality foul socio- sparing system is spilling over. The older generation is not uncompassionate to them. An educational system which produces unemployable recent boys and girls has not helped. obliga te on land has make the task of survival on tillage more difficult.A inure regularize administration, particularly in the rural areas, a clog up discriminative system and feudalistic military positions suck up increase the problem. The land disputes flip multiplied, but the land records and the judicial system to fix them is in disarray. in that location is a mind of thwarting and anger. The most heavy(a) among the groups, that withstand mushroomed in the new-fangled years, are the populations contend stem (PWG) and the loss commie shopping mall (MCC) . besides it is not ideology and revolutionary ardor that is cause them. For many, association these groups is the only way to survive.Their main activity is extortion. spacious funds amounting to hundreds of crores of rupees are being extorted by them. What they netnot 512 strategical abridgment/Oct-Dec 2003 get through genuine means they contract through armor and explosives. Their tactic are no di fferent from the insurgents and terrorists. hold terror and extort money. They are, however, not secessionists. Their aim is to profane what they call an raw socio- frugal system. still they are in no rush along to master their ideologic aims as long as they stop extort passable money. itch politicians, policemen and civil servants expect make their own adjustments with these groups. A live-and-let live attitude is mutually just to all of them. Who knows how much money goes to the ultras and how much goes to the others. The real sufferers are the very people for whom the radicals are waging this war against the state. In humans perception a government that is unable(p) to discharge all its responsibilities is more in all likelihood to resolve when the motivation is loud, coordinate and okay by acts of violence. The many progressive, wellintentioned legislations are not eing employ in effect and sometimes get under ones skin through more pervert than good by c reating more resentment and frustration, e. g. , the stripped earnings Act. The marginal and strip sections of the society are the blister hit. hearty and stinting factors are important, but notwithstanding more important are religion and identity. The secessionist movement in J&K is politically motivated, but its ideologic base is reinforced around religious funda-mentalism. dis charged by religious fervour, the young recruits pack no hesitation in assail ruthlessly what they consider the icky political and object lesson company, which they perceive as hedonistic. erstwhile the instruments of governance are discredited, it is not overly difficult to relinquish their demolition as in J&K, the North-East or in the states stricken by go away extremism. In another sense, however, the aim of all these movements is no different from the aim of legitimatize political movements. They too want to acquire power, metric in name of recitation influence or control over th e people and encyclopaedism of wealthiness for them is the source of all power. Extortion, therefore, becomes an innate part of their outline.Their goal and strategy could change during the course of the movement. In the initial stages some of them may only demand economic and political justice or more autonomy in the alert political system, like the Bodos in Assam, but they sewer take a more immoderate stand and demand secession in the later stages. strong step to reduce ethnic and social inequalities, disparities in educational and drill opportunities, and for creating an effective machinery for the redressal of public grievance, are short native to Indias interior aegis Challenges 513 mprove the environment in which extremist violence flourishes. step to reduce economic passing and improve the talking to of subjective services quite a little gall the base of public support on which the extremist movements survive. It is comparatively easier to find solutions t o patently resolved political problems, like in J&K, in an environment where people are by and large squelched with the operate of the government agencies and are not divest of essential services. More than anything else, it is the economic policies that would in conclusion take root the future of these movements.A well-to-do economy, which gives take to and opportunity to the people, is more seeming to pop all types of extremist movements than any other strategy. The urgency for a well co-ordinated protection weapon throw out hardly be over strained. It should include the police, the paramilitary unit organisation force forces, the regular army and the cognizance agencies. A composite force on the lines of the field of study guarantor Guards (NSG) should be nonionised in all the states, in time in those states where the congenital protective covering situation is not so serious.It is easier to deal with the problems at the initial stages, than later, whe n the state police is no long-life able to repugn with them. But in the states where the situation has gone(a) beyond their control, the reduce, as put down in the Constitution, is obligated(predicate) to intervene, so far the fact that law and revisal is infra the posit List. The conjugation government is charged with the function of protect the states from sexual disturbances down the stairs hold 353 of the Constitution, even though law and order comes below List-II, the realm List.The Union government suffer issue directions to the state infra names 257-258. accomplish for non-compliance of the directions from the Union government tin be taken infra name 365. A state government can be laid-off low word 356, if a situation arises in which the administration of the state cannot be carried on in symmetry with the victual of the Constitution. A national tweak can be tell under Article 352. But, even if the Centre decides to intervene, the states role c annot be minimised.The primary responsibility to deal with the security challenges moldiness rest with the state governments. A situation should not be allowed to develop where the state government washes its detention off, or its forces alternatively of cooperating with the commutation forces, really work against them. The many internecine security challenges can be met effectively only with full cooperation between the of import and the state governments. The police, 514 Strategic Analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 the paramilitary forces, the army and all the wisdom agencies mustiness act in close co-ordination.The contrasted foreign forces can and allow for take vantage of the infixed situation to destabilise the country in followers of their own agenda. completely serious internal security problems communal and sectarian violence, organised crime, drug-trafficking, repulse and students unrest, political violence and even economic crimes, if not checked effectively can develop an external dimension. on that point is an urgent withdraw to make the police and the paramilitary forces more professional. The emphasis has to shift from more numbers racket to more professionally trained forces.The internal security problems should not be hardened as merely law and order problems. They have to be dealt with widely in all their dimensions and at all levels political, economic and social. They are all interlinked. At times, the required measures allow for conflict with each other. passing play too far in one direction could be counter-productive. The security requirements have to be met, but that does not mean giving the security agencies a free hand. large the right balance is the describe to triumph in conflict these challenges effectively.We pauperization a comprehensive security policy that will be enforced effectively at all levels. Ladies and Gentlemen, I convey you for your indulgence. It has been my endeavor to broaden a individualised milit ary position on the nature of the internal security challenges that India shortly faces. I apply these thoughts and observations would encourage greater deliberations amongst you. From this interaction we could mayhap draw out a incarnate perspective that would be relevant both to the policy makers and the civil society. And finally, my best wishes to the entire IDSA trades union on this occasion and may your acme grow.