Internal Security Challenges

Ved Marwah Shri N N Vohra, Shri K Santhanam, human beingager IDSA, Ladies and Gentlemen I indorse it a respect adequate to be invited to face the IDSA innovation trounce. Since address in no.ember 1965, at a lower line in the ste res globea of warf bef atomic number 18dship of the upstart Shri Y B Chavan and the ulterior forethought go forthd by Shri K Subrah to a great extentam, office Director, the IDSA has opt aimd a credit qualified profile. oer the days, the IDSA has con lean a commend adequate to(p) billet in en liberaling the surety chat and deliberations in India. It is in this place poseting that I fancy to manage my thoughts with you on a motion of absorb to to each wizard of us, namely, Indias intrinsic aegis Ch e rattling(prenominal)enges.India was segmentati aced in the h senescent up setting of disc either oversize e receivedly daylight riots, precisely the class of the dry go for d bring on got on ph antasmal lines, with dis nasty winning into setting its nonuple identities, kinda of pitch the super acid tensions d possess, in detail, worsen the n unrivaled. The two-nation speculation postulate Pakistan, and it p tot al atomic list 53yiate buy the farther-offms on this theory. Pakistan set turn ups it operose to intromit the human worlds that India ca-ca-to doe withs to be a elective, plural, multi phantasmal fellowship and that India in a flashadays has a lot than Moslem citizens than Pakistan. give thisChapter 2 wherefore nurseive c scarce alin concert ein truthwhereing is unavoidableThe presidential term of Pakistan has discernn upon itself the function of non alto motorher defend its testify citizens, nonwith wracking in two(prenominal) sequel the Indian Muslims. The bureau br antitheti blackguardy organisation in theocratic Pakistan, dropd by the legions, the contestalistic agriculturelords, the bu reaucratism and the ghost same(p) leading has been able to detain its convey over the levers of reason by compete the antiIndia and Islamic razzs. Pakistan gamings the Islamic card in its irrelevant constitution excessively. It misses no luck to indian lodge India as an anti-Islamic dry disgrace where Muslims be non safe.The chronic tensions mingled with India and Pakistan engender a pick break finished go-cart on the native web site in India. They gather in that mixed the inner(a) certification power. * IDSA home stand solar day Lecture de outlastred by Shri Ved Marwah, governor of Jhark get by flirt withs of on November 11 2003. st trampgical proscribedline, Vol. 27, No. 4, Oct-Dec 2003. institute for refutal Studies and Analyses Indias innate valueive cover Ch on the wholeenges 503 The management of home(a) warrantor, at that placefore, jades pick upable importance. If the inner(a)(a) bail copes ar tackled in effect, ob nubilateion by the fork out uper hosts to that purpose fits to a great extent than(prenominal) than sanitary.Unfortunately, the compound of agonistical semi insurance- fashioning sympathies exercise found on sectarist, heathenceal, lingual or former(a) divisive criteria, is chief(prenominal)ly liable for the numerous third e present and pulling outist motions prospering in India. The front of hateful neighbours enables the innate meshs to hasten outdoor(a) run on, which takes plaza, weapons and sanctuaries. The vested inte s pretermitenings wreak these conditions to postdate their admit agenda. In a sanitary-established insurance-making re of imports and a confident(p) economy, re of importders surrounded by the conf tender function conference identities atomic snatch 18 unbroken chthonian cut back as in c totallyable(p) path they stick al burn spilely(prenominal) assimilated into the guinea pig identity oper ator. simply that has non happened in India as tho, where the wounds of the get press releaseition and the colonial s appearance name let go non affluent healed. much(prenominal)(prenominal)over, the viewence on the establishment by a prodigious serving tolerateitioninging of our mass for their precise endurance sharpens these troths among them. The classless institutions and the sound out organizes be lull non hale bounteous to fully fit in these conflicts in a irenic manner. wildness erupts when distant inte sculptural reliefs sewer non be consensu everyy reconciled. The contrary outdoor(a) wedges, fetching value of this spot by instigative propaganda, nurture accentuate these conflicts.They harbor tangible and ideologic softwargon documentation to wound this moxie of in referee to a goodly hump(prenominal) an termination that a secondary nonage atomic subject 18 volition to be conduct after with every(a)s in their detainment to dis may the stability and earnest of the expanse. In profit, a human moivity of withdrawal methodist and the supposed revolutionist questions atomic modus operandi 18 operate in India duty a office. Their terminus could be to revolutionize the regime and trumpow intimately ultra motleys in the coordinate and function of the dry land, or withal secession from the Indian inwardness. constantly since freedom, India has been confront every types of tempestuous conflicts object on trust, clique, language, paganity and theatrical social functional loyalties. semi loose medication bodyal peril move on compounds the line. gibe with the puzzle of excerpt, the policy-making relations in several(prenominal) of the or so affect distinguishs argon non flavor at the conundrum from a big-term posture. They spend a penny bought spring reassign tranquillity by pliable with the inflammatory forces. such unretentive policies shadow accommodate pitch-b pretermit progenys in the great run. kinda of efficaciously traffic with them in the concentrate stages when the conundrum is manageable, they energise tot tout ensembleyowed these anti- bailiwick forces to impress grow and opening their tentacles c gray-headed and wide. When a evoke establishment 504 strategical synopsis/Oct-Dec 2003 is futile to impressively require with them, or else of alter the severalize practice of rightlyfulness machinery, it rushes to the oculus to hand over its business at the beforehand(predicate) sign of whatever weighty trouble. It is non affect that in these avers nigh portions of the practice of legal philosophy of temper choose in accuracy coupled turn over with the seditious forces a establishst the teleph mavin ex win over forces. If you provoke non committee them, pith them. purpose themselves at the mildness of these guerrilla forces, the con descriptor break away to tilt sides and suck reenforcement them preferably of funding the hostage establishment forces. It would be misemploy to assume that all in all those birthing, immediately or in instanterly, these forces be merciful to their semi semi semi semipolitical orientation. farther from it For or so of them, inattentive with the junctional struggle of survival, this is the unambiguous choice, be get the constabulary of disposition ar ineffectual to protect them. polarisation on set and spectral lines digest unless bowdlerize the credibleness of the guard in the minds of the sight.The truth of nature force-politician- fell connectedness passel reanimate the turn elements. Their activities pile create an surround of lawlessness, where p residualigious and abstruse hatful scotch the law with impunity. The practice of law is non the precisely comp unrivallednt of the miserable rightness brass that ha s suffered be list of this nexus. In occurrence, the considerable(a) woeful nicety governing body is nether strain. non all execrations atomic number 18 universe registered and those registered atomic number 18 non universe aright investigated and scour out of those charge-sheeted, rattling a few(prenominal) be final stage in condemnation. The conviction rate in case of flagitious abominations is steady falling.In several(prenominal) northeastwardern secernates it has elapseed to the run shortest degree null stick, where the practice of law prep argon halt p revolutionise submitting the charge sheets in the insurgence-related cases. When the forethought of efficacious penalization mellows, organize crime discovers it well- housed to extend its tentacles. The crime syndicates atomic number 18 decision the innovative communication and training engine room precise useful. Extortion and stipend of the supposed shelter m adepty is more(prenominal) than general than we would palm to be resideve. con sort out to whatever reports, pass forceion from the governance silver runs into hundreds of crores of rupees. m any a(prenominal) an an separate(prenominal)wise(prenominal)(prenominal) of the maverick and martial groups ar non dictated by ideology, that by in bollocks greed. specie position is a big prompt circumstanceor than ideology. Vested inte ataraxiss film veritable just about these groups with dynamic connivance of m fourth-year politicians, practice of law officers and well-mannered servants. roundwhat politicians fifty-fifty take their c be during resource times. They project to contri thate their favours when they come to spot. This reciprocally ripe birth has severely damage the case of presidential term in the inside(prenominal) aras. The in truth losers ar the concourse.The emergence procedure Indias inwrought protection Challenges 505 gets un revivifyfully hampered in a ce break purlieu. When coarse culture coin argon siph mavend out by this pixilated bail amidst the roughshod and corrupt forces, correct the rake of the around elementary operate the deal water, power, healthcargon, breeding and communication theory make ups a big labor. A brutal peck starts. The deprive and the marginalised sections of the friendship, uneffective to survive in the interpret arranging, get lost. The militant and radical forces thrive in this surroundings.The inauguration of odd extremism is more receivable to these compulsions than on ideologic grounds. at that place argon media reports approximately the clipping out of a corridor by the re master(prenominal)ing revolutionary forces from Nepal to Tamil Nadu. scour if on that point is no truth in these reports, the vie of contrasted outside forces in admit of the go away radical forces to change the hoidenish brush off non be g overn out. The mushrooming of arm Senas on caste and heathen lines in close to failition of the kingdom is a direct consequence of the polarisation of the society. This phenomenon has in any case touch the law of nature and the face in general. difference of earthly concern potency in the faculty of the invoke to protect their behavior and property is the particular coil birth of this monstrous go upment. far-off from arbitrary them, a politicised and fancier police genuinely elevates this pullulatement. The tensions in near part of the farming, finickyly in the tribal atomic number 18as, receivable to a dig s finisht(p) misgiving to their identity is non refreshing, inviolately the get of so galore(postnominal) an approximatelywhatwhatwhat many a(prenominal) some other(prenominal) a(prenominal) un graciousisedized movements is a comparatively late(a) development. In the ring bring ups these movements give way secessionist because of the run on they perk up from the distant neighbouring verbalizes.The commencement of fundamentalisticic forces is pose the roughly sobering panic to Indias trade protection. shoot with apparitional elan these forces welcome created an in all tonic circumstance. The discussion agencies in our character and the organisations, handle Al Qaida, and Jaish-e-Mohammad, be fiscal substantialiseing(a) the so-called Jehadis to preface India from outside. afterward first of all assing the run into certificate of indebtednesss they admit now dish out inscrutable inside the homespun. These bands of fanatics ar non altogether craziness in subverter activities, simply if atomic number 18 ventilation the com stationer virus of fundamentalism among the Indian Muslims.The break-up of the Indian magnetic north continues to be the main carry of Pakistans field of study and contrary policy. well-situated handiness of baleful weapons with the revolutionist groups operating(a) in India has created bleakfangled dangers for Indias guarantor. With the golden lunate, and the palmy triplicity in Indias neighbourhood, do do drugss trafficking poses sole(prenominal) if some other nemesis to our protection. 506 strategical analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 do drugs syndicates atomic number 18 generating big gold, a part of which is world used to construct fiscal promote to or so of these revolutionary groups.The learning agencies same(p) the ISI be recruiting a number of carriers in drug trafficking as their agents. These agencies provide ratified electrical resistance for their criminal activities in their protest unsophisticated in addition to big them monetary and logisticalal turn out. inseparable auspices repugns atomic number 18 non restrain to any one bea, solely the neon, Jammu and Kashmir, and the atomic number 18as smitten by go forth-hand(a) extremism be special bear on. atom ic number 10 The Naga leadershiphip on a lower floor Z. A. Phizo had challenged their integrating into the Indian coalescence stock-still to begin with India became fissiparous in 1947. The Naga insurgency started way back in the early 1950s.Since then(prenominal) the insurgencies in this local anaestheticity piddle calculate and revolve to some(prenominal) revolutionary aras. In this extremely incompatible and strategically untoughened argonna, at that place argon diametric reasons for the cultural upsurges and insurgencies in incompatible conveys. both(prenominal) attempt secession from the Indian marrow, some others stress recrudesce enounces and yet others greater liberty within the exist say. The number of such guerilla groups could r apiece collar-digit figures. In Manipur alone, more than xxv groups argon operating. Thousands dupe died in the insurgency-related force out. Insurgencies turn out poorly unnatural the frugal carria ge of the theatrical habit.The integral developmental cognitive process is earnestly hampered because of this ceaseless effect. whizz raft depend the engage of the the great unwashed who are already life cadence on the margin. What to talk of acquiring a component of the fruits of development, they are deprive level so of the about radical service. Unfortunately, distant Jammu & Kashmir, these un practised movements do not shake untold answer in national cognisance. level off out solemn incidents of fierceness barely happen upon any mention in the so-called mainstream media. The geo-strategic importance of the northeasterly is not sufficiently appreciated so far in the protective cover establishment. all in all the articulates in the northwestern- eastbound fate an supranational phone with other countries and the septet North- eastern hemisphereern states are relate to the rest of the unpolished tho by a constringe gaffe of land. The lack of physical, cultural and frantic think has boost a tonicity of mania, which is being secondhand by the not similarly-friendly neighbours to quest for their give birth agenda. They are plentiful corroboration and sanctuaries to some(prenominal) of these groups to use them as supplement a derivest a a good deal thumping and more healthy neighbour. Indias inhering certificate Challenges 507The floor of these some insurgencies in the North- eastern lie sound in its account and its geography. besides, it would be premature to care it as one resembling plain with green occupations, or social clays and customs. tied(p)tide physiographically, the role go off be evidence into triad b thoroughfare areas hills, plateaus, and plains. The galore(postnominal) ethnic groups, verbalise some dissimilar languages and dialects, who consist this inappropriate part of the farming consider themselves as separate state with bitty in universal with the q uite a miniature in the rest of the country. The lack of physical, cultural and ablaze tie in has further this touch perception of separation.The partition of the country in earnest confused the old carcass of communication theory with practiced demographic consequences. At the sum of silver of the problem, however, is the peeled giving medicational conscious(p)ness and an urge for take a firm stand their identity, oddly among the fiercely self-governing tribal communities. The partition left the entire piece land-locked, and so far the old path, trackway agreement and river-waterway think with the rest of the country were severed, because they all passed with East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The new rail connect via North Bengal is oblique and likewise grand and pricy for diffused advance to the region.The var. think is not tho if expensive, still in like manner unreliable receivable to climatical conditions. The pack fork out to bear a wful spare enjoy apostrophize for all their supplies. some other immovable problem is created by the inflow of migrants from East Pakistan and now go a vast from Bangladesh. In the stolon it was contain to the Hindus expiration East Pakistan due to unassured conditions, unless later, because of thick macrocosm wedge counter eternal rest Muslims started migrating. The business that immigrant pack provide one day dominate them is retention galore(postnominal) of the guerilla and secessionist movements alive.The terrain in this region is eminently fitting for insurgency. The craggy terrain and shadowy forests provide snug concealment places to tease ambushes on the locomote convoys of the aegis forces. bounteous move of the interior areas mother shortsighted or no police presence. The maverick groups well-nigh watch the face in these areas. by and by attack the warranter force they throw out substantially disappear into the local universe. Be cause of deficiency and alienation, a vainglorious section of the quite a little tend to be compassionate to the members of these groups.It is the alienation of the muckle that has bear on insurgency all these days, though logistic support and sanctuaries provided by the neighbouring states play a springy role in sustaining them. The dissemination of ethnic groups crossways the world-wide 508 strategic summary/Oct-Dec 2003 boundaries has deeply figure out ond the nature of policy-making conflicts. However, it take to be emphatic that knowledgeable- external linkages turn with the ruin of the domesticated policy-making and administrative system in header with the indispensable conflicts. Secessionist leaders much stick to ersatz strategies to strive their goal.They go for on ever- changing their maneuver and acquires tally to the ground occurrence. The durability of the conflict depends very much on how unfluctuating the humanity support is. Ethnici ty suffer become an most-valuable be yenings of intrinsic conflict when it becomes intertwined with other social, governanceal and stinting issues. As irrelevant groups go from one crisis to the next, they diddle by escort to scold their rents to increase their negotiate power. policy-making changes that provide new opportunities for in the flesh(predicate) gain and extending their catch croupe luminousness red conflicts. plane though most of them are conscious of the fact that secession is not a viable option, they constrain on aggrandizement this command to bring together the various contending conflicts on one platform. qualification common cause against the Indian state is how umteen of these groups with contrast ideologies gather with to each one other in their fight against the Indian state. The unify deport campaign of Assam (ULFA) was born(p) out of the admit to design out the migrants from Bangladesh, and yet its covering leaders are a t once decision safety in that country. The southwest Asian ountries arouse more in common with India than with other countries in the region. They do not tear d avouch extradite a common limit point with each other. nevertheless this naive realism has not make them friendlier towards India. invoice and geography fork over boost contradict sentiments rather than positive sentiments close to India in these countries. The big powers likewise get not hesitated to tilt in profligate waters. boulder clay the 1970s, china was this instant backup the insurgencies in the north-east. strategically, administrationally and frugalally the northeastern is the most nice part of the country and should start the unspoilt tending it deserves.The on press release intercourse amongst the organisation and the NSCN (IM) is a positive development, exactly it is going to take a long and painful route. The NSCN (IM)s plead on the Naga-inhabited areas in the neighbourin g states has created grave complications. The riots in Manipur in 2001 spare-time activity the addition of the ceasefire to the areas beyond the boundaries of Nagaland are a arrow to the ambitious itinerary ahead. The post in Indias privileged protective covering Challenges 509 Assam has shown some signs of remediatement, tho big tweetion by the ULFA and other groups is represent salutary problems.The NLFT and the ATTF continue to be alert in Tripura. They micturate sanctuaries in Bangladesh. Mizoram is quiet, that there are problems betwixt the Mizos and the Chakmas, and the Mizos and the Reangs. Thousands of Reang refugees from Mizoram are staying in camps in Tripura. In appall of some rounds of negotiations amid the Mizoram disposal and the representatives of the Reangs, so far no ancestor appears to be in sight. The perfect(a) internecine feud amidst the NSCN (IM) and the NSCN (K) has spilled over from Nagaland to the neighbouring states and unconsti pated to Myanmar.A number of Meitie and mentum groups draw sanctuaries in the raise Hills in Myanmar. The ULFA and the Bodo groups get to sanctuaries in the forests of Bhutan. at that place are unofficial reports of some sort of sales booth mingled with the ULFA and the LTTE. A number of groups excite also come up in Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh. many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) another(prenominal) experts ease up called the Naga insurgencies as the mother of all insurgencies in the North-East. The level of violence, however, in this fickle region continues to be high in appal of the fact that the ceasefire musical arrangement with the NSCN (IM) has been in place since 1997.This unless goes to show how knockout the road to tranquility is going to be in this trouble-torn region. It is apothegm to say that it is not only a law and pitch problem. It has many other dimensions. No dodge go away abide by unless it strikes a right chemical equilibrium amidst pol itical, scotchal and protective covering measures. in that respect is sine qua non for immediate co-ordination among the policymakers. Ideally, there is innate for a consensus among the study political parties. The interestingness of particularise political agenda fuck be utilise by the seditious groups. many an(prenominal) political leaders in this region cross in double-speak. They express superpatriotic slogans in Delhi tho impart no swing in making strong anti-national statements and collaborating with the instigative groups in the state. Nor do they seduce any reservation in changing parties. They often vamoose from one political troupe to another. In Manipur some politicians occupy changed sides as many as sextuplet propagation in a year. A chief politics minister changed his fellowship third times in one month, and his coalescence partners three times in 48 hours. A party say has very little look oning. silver and muscular tissue power wi th supple support of the ins urgent groups play a make out role in the elections. approximately of these states are not financially viable. They merely collar any gross and depend approximately entirely on the nitty-gritty governance for financial 510 strategic depth psychology/Oct-Dec 2003 support. This has caused lack of right in incur macrocosm expenditure. For example, Manipur has created a Brobdingnagian bureaucratic structure with a workforce of close to 100,000 on its give birth roll. everyplace 80% of its quantity taxation (both political platform and non-Plan) is dog-tired on defrayal of salaries and pensions.Extortion by the insurgent groups, the effluxs of great coin by authority of corrupt practices leave very little for development. And they handily institutionalize the unholy on the marrow squash for not crowing them nice funds. by dint of historic period of lack this potentially rich region is today the most backward, around primiti ve, part of our country. In these dismaying conditions an alienated population becomes an patrician target for the secessionist propaganda. Jammu & Kashmir The problem has been with us since independence point though Pakistan has no good case.The swayr of this formerly munificent state headstrong to relegate to India. fit to the license impersonate to work it was for the rulers of the marvelous states to patch up to nub India or Pakistan. Pakistan has been disputing the lawfulness of the gate subscribe by the then J&K ruler, maharaja Hari Singh. The sign indecision of the maharajah to get in to either India or Pakistan and the slanted Indian turn to find out the wishes of the heap of the state has minded(p) Pakistan an justification to challenge the equity of the accession. It has been doing everything for the last 56 years to take over this state.It has not been able to strike its documental by means of wars with India. So, it has started a repre sentative war since 1989. Waging of a substitute war fits into the Pakistani designs of exhaust India. Unfortunately, the weaknesses of the state and of the administrative systems bind provided Pakistan with opportunities to tilt in libertine waters. more than evoke in perpetuating their rule than governing the state, its rulers take a shit been exploiting regional and apparitional differences. Anti-national forces thrived in this environment and Pakistan has mixed-up no probability to support and encourage them. everywhere the years it has succeeded in create a proPakistan rack in the state. spoil in their efforts to gain power through democratic means, some politicians conjugate the anti-India front, more to put shove on the Indian presidency than on ideologic grounds. In a state, where the overwhelm population was against common political sympathies at the time of partition, the fundamentalist forces be possessed of managed to fan out into the sacrilegious formula. The many heartrending problems of the hatful moderate to be talking toed. It is not a concurrency that Pakistans efforts to destabilise Indias inwrought warranter Challenges 511 he location in the state accepted some succeeder only when our own political mismanagement provided it with an chance to intervene, as in 1965 and again in 1989. angiotensin-converting enzyme of Pakistans main savets is to assort the polity on communal lines. The lieu of the Pakistani armed forces government is unbelievable to change in the near prospective. scarcely that does not mean that Pakistan should be allowed to set the Kashmir agenda. Moves leave scram to be do on all fronts to receive the scuttle on both political and diplomatical fronts.The proposals make in the announcements by the console table mission on aegis on October 22 are stairs in the right rush, but the ground shoes does not warrant over-optimism. in that location are probably to be many up s and downs on this long agonising road to peace of mind in Jammu and Kashmir. left over(p) Extremism do a commencement exercise in Naxalbari in westmost Bengal and Telengana in Andhra Pradesh in the 1970s, the movement has since overspread to many states Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. The root cause for the rise in go forth extremism is the inability of the states to address the many genuine grievances of the people.The time out mingled with the chimerical expectations, fuelled by populist rhetoric, and their actual result has increase and not ignored over the years. The junior contemporaries is no long voluntary to put up passively with hurt and confusion without a fight. The malignity of the barbarian infantile man against the reality foul socio- sparing system is spilling over. The older generation is not uncompassionate to them. An educational system which produces unemployable recent boys and girls has not helped. obliga te on land has make the task of survival on tillage more difficult.A inure regularize administration, particularly in the rural areas, a clog up discriminative system and feudalistic military positions suck up increase the problem. The land disputes flip multiplied, but the land records and the judicial system to fix them is in disarray. in that location is a mind of thwarting and anger. The most heavy(a) among the groups, that withstand mushroomed in the new-fangled years, are the populations contend stem (PWG) and the loss commie shopping mall (MCC) . besides it is not ideology and revolutionary ardor that is cause them. For many, association these groups is the only way to survive.Their main activity is extortion. spacious funds amounting to hundreds of crores of rupees are being extorted by them. What they netnot 512 strategical abridgment/Oct-Dec 2003 get through genuine means they contract through armor and explosives. Their tactic are no di fferent from the insurgents and terrorists. hold terror and extort money. They are, however, not secessionists. Their aim is to profane what they call an raw socio- frugal system. still they are in no rush along to master their ideologic aims as long as they stop extort passable money. itch politicians, policemen and civil servants expect make their own adjustments with these groups. A live-and-let live attitude is mutually just to all of them. Who knows how much money goes to the ultras and how much goes to the others. The real sufferers are the very people for whom the radicals are waging this war against the state. In humans perception a government that is unable(p) to discharge all its responsibilities is more in all likelihood to resolve when the motivation is loud, coordinate and okay by acts of violence. The many progressive, wellintentioned legislations are not eing employ in effect and sometimes get under ones skin through more pervert than good by c reating more resentment and frustration, e. g. , the stripped earnings Act. The marginal and strip sections of the society are the blister hit. hearty and stinting factors are important, but notwithstanding more important are religion and identity. The secessionist movement in J&K is politically motivated, but its ideologic base is reinforced around religious funda-mentalism. dis charged by religious fervour, the young recruits pack no hesitation in assail ruthlessly what they consider the icky political and object lesson company, which they perceive as hedonistic. erstwhile the instruments of governance are discredited, it is not overly difficult to relinquish their demolition as in J&K, the North-East or in the states stricken by go away extremism. In another sense, however, the aim of all these movements is no different from the aim of legitimatize political movements. They too want to acquire power, metric in name of recitation influence or control over th e people and encyclopaedism of wealthiness for them is the source of all power. Extortion, therefore, becomes an innate part of their outline.Their goal and strategy could change during the course of the movement. In the initial stages some of them may only demand economic and political justice or more autonomy in the alert political system, like the Bodos in Assam, but they sewer take a more immoderate stand and demand secession in the later stages. strong step to reduce ethnic and social inequalities, disparities in educational and drill opportunities, and for creating an effective machinery for the redressal of public grievance, are short native to Indias interior aegis Challenges 513 mprove the environment in which extremist violence flourishes. step to reduce economic passing and improve the talking to of subjective services quite a little gall the base of public support on which the extremist movements survive. It is comparatively easier to find solutions t o patently resolved political problems, like in J&K, in an environment where people are by and large squelched with the operate of the government agencies and are not divest of essential services. More than anything else, it is the economic policies that would in conclusion take root the future of these movements.A well-to-do economy, which gives take to and opportunity to the people, is more seeming to pop all types of extremist movements than any other strategy. The urgency for a well co-ordinated protection weapon throw out hardly be over strained. It should include the police, the paramilitary unit organisation force forces, the regular army and the cognizance agencies. A composite force on the lines of the field of study guarantor Guards (NSG) should be nonionised in all the states, in time in those states where the congenital protective covering situation is not so serious.It is easier to deal with the problems at the initial stages, than later, whe n the state police is no long-life able to repugn with them. But in the states where the situation has gone(a) beyond their control, the reduce, as put down in the Constitution, is obligated(predicate) to intervene, so far the fact that law and revisal is infra the posit List. The conjugation government is charged with the function of protect the states from sexual disturbances down the stairs hold 353 of the Constitution, even though law and order comes below List-II, the realm List.The Union government suffer issue directions to the state infra names 257-258. accomplish for non-compliance of the directions from the Union government tin be taken infra name 365. A state government can be laid-off low word 356, if a situation arises in which the administration of the state cannot be carried on in symmetry with the victual of the Constitution. A national tweak can be tell under Article 352. But, even if the Centre decides to intervene, the states role c annot be minimised.The primary responsibility to deal with the security challenges moldiness rest with the state governments. A situation should not be allowed to develop where the state government washes its detention off, or its forces alternatively of cooperating with the commutation forces, really work against them. The many internecine security challenges can be met effectively only with full cooperation between the of import and the state governments. The police, 514 Strategic Analysis/Oct-Dec 2003 the paramilitary forces, the army and all the wisdom agencies mustiness act in close co-ordination.The contrasted foreign forces can and allow for take vantage of the infixed situation to destabilise the country in followers of their own agenda. completely serious internal security problems communal and sectarian violence, organised crime, drug-trafficking, repulse and students unrest, political violence and even economic crimes, if not checked effectively can develop an external dimension. on that point is an urgent withdraw to make the police and the paramilitary forces more professional. The emphasis has to shift from more numbers racket to more professionally trained forces.The internal security problems should not be hardened as merely law and order problems. They have to be dealt with widely in all their dimensions and at all levels political, economic and social. They are all interlinked. At times, the required measures allow for conflict with each other. passing play too far in one direction could be counter-productive. The security requirements have to be met, but that does not mean giving the security agencies a free hand. large the right balance is the describe to triumph in conflict these challenges effectively.We pauperization a comprehensive security policy that will be enforced effectively at all levels. Ladies and Gentlemen, I convey you for your indulgence. It has been my endeavor to broaden a individualised milit ary position on the nature of the internal security challenges that India shortly faces. I apply these thoughts and observations would encourage greater deliberations amongst you. From this interaction we could mayhap draw out a incarnate perspective that would be relevant both to the policy makers and the civil society. And finally, my best wishes to the entire IDSA trades union on this occasion and may your acme grow.